Stats
Conduct an analysis of your project data. Prepare the items below based on the data from two of the variables in the data collection instrument.
Determine the mean, median, and mode for each of the variables.
What is the variance for each set of data for each of the variables?
What is the standard deviation for each of the variables?
What is the probability that each event occurs in each of the two variables.
Create an individual Excel document for each of the required items. Be sure to show your work.
Mean Median Mode
Variables
Standard Deviation
Probability Frequency tables
Gender Analysis
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 108 72%
Female 42 28%
Grand Total 150 100%
Age Analysis
Age distribution Frequency Percentage
18 – 27 71 47.33%
28 – 37 49 32.67%
38 – 47 21 14%
48 and above 9 6%
Grand Total 150 100%
Education Analysis
Education Background Frequency Percentage
Middle school or below 7 4.67%
High school 25 16.67%
Bachelors 65 43.33%
Masters and above 53 35.33%
Grand Total 150 100%
Martial Analysis
Martial status Frequency Percentage
Single 59 39.33%
Married 70 46.67%
Divorced/separated/widowed 21 14%
Grand Total 150 100%
Monthly income among respondents ($)
Monthly income ($) Frequency Percentage
1 – 1500 43 28.67%
1501 – 3000 28 18.67%
3001 – 4500 16 10.67%
4501 and above 17 11.33%
Can’t tell 46 30.67%
Grand Total 150 100%
Frequently buy online in a month
Online buying in a month Frequency Percentage
Once per month 32 21.33%
Twice per month 22 14.67%
Thrice per month and more 39 26%
Never bought online 57 38%
Grand Total 150 100%
Genuine products are sold online
Genuine products sold online Frequency Percentage
Highly disagree 22 23.66%
Disagree 11 11.83%
Undecided 17 18.28%
Agree 23 24.73%
Highly agree 20 21.51%
Grand Total 93 100%
Challenging to provide personal details
Providing personal details Frequency Percentage
Highly disagree 23 24.73%
Disagree 33 35.48%
Undecided 18 19.35%
Agree 14 15.05%
Highly agree 5 5.38%
Grand Total 93 100%
Payment Process is Cumbersome
Cumbersome payment process Frequency Percentage
Highly disagree 21 22.58%
Disagree 31 33.33%
Undecided 19 20.43%
Agree 9 9.68%
Highly agree 13 13.98%
Grand Total 93 100%
Products differentiation is hectic
Products differentiation Frequency Percentage
Highly disagree 23 24.73%
Disagree 29 31.18%
Undecided 12 12.90%
Agree 13 13.98%
Highly agree 16 17.20%
Grand Total 93 100%
Product quality is deceptive
Product quality Frequency Percentage
Highly disagree 26 27.96%
Disagree 24 25.81%
Undecided 17 18.28%
Agree 11 11.83%
Highly agree 15 16.13%
Grand Total 93 100%
Product selection is typically hectic
Product selection Frequency Percentage
Highly disagree 27 29.03%
Disagree 16 17.20%
Undecided 25 26.88%
Agree 10 10.75%
Highly agree 15 16.13%
Grand Total 93 100%
Online buying causes compulsive buying behaviour
Compulsive buying behaviour Frequency Percentage
Highly disagree 21 22.58%
Disagree 20 21.51%
Undecided 24 25.81%
Agree 16 17.20%
Highly agree 12 12.90%
Grand Total 93 100%
Pie chart and bar graph
Gender Analysis
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 108 72%
Female 42 28%
Grand Total 150 100%
Age Analysis
Age distribution Frequency Percentage
18 – 27 71 47.33%
28 – 37 49 32.67%
38 – 47 21 14%
48 and above 9 6%
Grand Total 150 100%
Education Analysis
Education Background Frequency Percentage
Middle school or below 7 4.67%
High school 25 16.67%
Bachelors 65 43.33%
Masters and above 53 35.33%
Grand Total 150 100%
Martial Analysis
Martial status Frequency Percentage
Single 59 39.33%
Married 70 46.67%
Divorced/separated/widowed 21 14%
Grand Total 150 100%
Monthly income among respondents ($)
Monthly income ($) Frequency Percentage
1 – 1500 43 28.67%
1501 – 3000 28 18.67%
3001 – 4500 16 10.67%
4501 and above 17 11.33%
Can’t tell 46 30.67%
Grand Total 150 100%
Frequently buy online in a month
Online buying in a month Frequency Percentage
Once per month 32 21.33%
Twice per month 22 14.67%
Thrice per month and more 39 26%
Never bought online 57 38%
Grand Total 150 100%
Genuine products are sold online
Genuine products sold online Frequency Percentage
Highly disagree 22 23.66%
Disagree 11 11.83%
Undecided 17 18.28%
Agree 23 24.73%
Highly agree 20 21.51%
Grand Total 93 100%
Challenging to provide personal details
Providing personal details Frequency Percentage
Highly disagree 23 24.73%
Disagree 33 35.48%
Undecided 18 19.35%
Agree 14 15.05%
Highly agree 5 5.38%
Grand Total 93 100%
Payment Process is Cumbersome
Cumbersome payment process Frequency Percentage
Highly disagree 21 22.58%
Disagree 31 33.33%
Undecided 19 20.43%
Agree 9 9.68%
Highly agree 13 13.98%
Grand Total 93 100%
Products differentiation is hectic
Products differentiation Frequency Percentage
Highly disagree 23 24.73%
Disagree 29 31.18%
Undecided 12 12.90%
Agree 13 13.98%
Highly agree 16 17.20%
Grand Total 93 100%
Product quality is deceptive
Product quality Frequency Percentage
Highly disagree 26 27.96%
Disagree 24 25.81%
Undecided 17 18.28%
Agree 11 11.83%
Highly agree 15 16.13%
Grand Total 93 100%
Product selection is typically hectic
Product selection Frequency Percentage
Highly disagree 27 29.03%
Disagree 16 17.20%
Undecided 25 26.88%
Agree 10 10.75%
Highly agree 15 16.13%
Grand Total 93 100%
Online buying causes compulsive buying behaviour
Compulsive buying behaviour Frequency Percentage
Highly disagree 21 22.58%
Disagree 20 21.51%
Undecided 24 25.81%
Agree 16 17.20%
Highly agree 12 12.90%
Grand Total 93 100%
Gender Analysis
Male Female 108 42 Education Analysis
Middle school or below High school Bachelors Masters and above 7 25 65 53 Education Background
Frequency
Martial Analysis
Single Married Divorced/separated/widowed 59 70 21 Martial status
Frequency
Monthly income among respondents ($)
1 – 1500 1501 – 3000 3001 – 4500 4501 and above Can’t tell 43 28 16 17 46 Monthly income
Frequency
Frequently buy online in a month
Once per month Twice per month Thrice per month and more Never bought online 32 22 39 57 Online buying in a month
Frequency
Genuine products are sold online
Highly disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Highly agree 22 11 17 23 20 Genuine products sold online
Frequency
Challenging to provide personal details
Highly disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Highly agree 23 33 18 14 5 Challenging to provide personal details
Highly disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Highly agree 23 33 18 14 5 Providing personal details
Frequency
Payment Process is Cumbersome
Highly disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Highly agree 21 31 19 9 13 Cumbersome payment process
Frequency
Products differentiation is hectic
Highly disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Highly agree 23 29 12 13 16 Payment process is Cumbersome
Highly disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Highly agree 21 31 19 9 13 Age Analysis
18 – 27 28 – 37 38 – 47 48 and above 71 49 21 9 Products differentiation is hectic
Highly disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Highly agree 23 29 12 13 16 Products differentiation
Frequency
Product quality is deceptive
Highly disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Highly agree 26 24 17 11 15 Product quality is deceptive
Highly disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Highly agree 26 24 17 11 15 Product quality
Frequency
Product selection is typically hectic
Highly disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Highly agree 27 16 25 10 15 Online buying causes compulsive buying behaviour
Highly disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Highly agree 21 20 24 16 12 Product selection is typically hectic
Highly disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Highly agree 27 16 25 10 15 Product selection
Frequency
Online buying causes compulsive buying behaviour
Highly disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Highly agree 21 20 24 16 12 Compulsive buying behaviour
Frequency
Education analysis
Middle school or below High school Bachelors Masters and above 7 25 65 53 Martial Analysis
Single Married Divorced/separated/widowed 59 70 21
Monthly income among respondents ($)
1 – 1500 1501 – 3000 3001 – 4500 4501 and above Can’t tell 43 28 16 17 46 Frequently buy online in a month
Once per month Twice per month Thrice per month and more Never bought online 32 22 39 57 Once per month Twice per month Thrice per month and more Never bought online 0.21333333333333335 0.14666666666666667 0.26 0.38 Genuine products are sold online
Highly disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Highly agree 22 11 17 23 20 Gender Analysis
Male Female 108 42 Gender
Frequency
Age Analysis
18 – 27 28 – 37 38 – 47 48 and above 71 49 21 9 Age distribution
Frequency
Class interval & frequency dist
Age Analysis
Class interval Frequency (f) Cumulative frequency %Cumulative frequency
18 – 27 71 71 47.33%
28 – 37 49 120 80.00%
38 – 47 21 141 94.00%
48 and above 9 150 100.00%
Monthly income among respondents ($)
Class interval Frequency Cumulative frequency %Cumulative frequency
1 – 1500 43 43 28.67%
1501 – 3000 28 71 47.33%
3001 – 4500 16 87 58.00%
4501 and above 17 104 69.33%
Can’t tell 46 150 100.00%
Frequency polygon
Age Analysis
Class interval %Cumulative frequency
18 – 27 47.33%
28 – 37 80.00%
38 – 47 94.00%
48 and above 100.00%
Monthly income among respondents ($)
Class interval %Cumulative frequency
1 – 1500 28.67%
1501 – 3000 47.33%
3001 – 4500 58.00%
4501 and above 69.33%
Can’t tell 100.00%
Frequency polygon of monthly income
1 – 1500 1501 – 3000 3001 – 4500 4501 and above Can’t tell 0.28670000000000001 0.4733 0.57999999999999996 0.69330000000000003 1 Monthly income
%Cumulative frequency
Frequency polygon of age analysis
18 – 27 28 – 37 38 – 47 48 and above 0.47333333333333333 0.8 0.94 1 Age distribution
%Cumulative frequency Running head: DATA COLLECTION 1
DATA COLLECTION 3
Data Collection
Data Collection
Topic of the Study:Factors impacting consumers online shopping frequency.
Rationale of the Study:Curently, online shopping among consumers is typically identified as an integral part of life. This is due to lack of time and the hassle of visiting shops, thus paved the way for online shopping. Most consumers understand that online shopping has significance; it helps save time as well as travel costs. Also, online shopping allows consumers to access a wide product variety (Suhaily & Soelasih, 2017). According to Fu et al. (2020), searching for products to be purchased among online shoppers is supported by special internet promotions, availability, price, attributes, and other desirable features.
However, other studies, as stated by Izogo and Jayawardhena (2018), point out that a significant section of potential customers will exercise reluctance towards using online shopping platforms; typically, the issue of trust pushes such customers to behave this way. Apart from trust issues, occupation, age, income, and gender also influence online shopping behavior. Although opposing customer decisions exist, the development of a research study became inevitable. Why does a specific section of customers show reluctance to frequent online shopping? What service attributes and demographic factors motivate customers to exercise the frequent purchase of online commodities?
Practical Utility:E-commerce websites will find this study useful during the development of consumer profiles. Also, this study will help e-commerce dealers to design strategic promotions desired by sections of online shoppers. Marketers, on the other hand, will use this study to target online shoppers demographically.
References
Fu, H., Manogaran, G., Wu, K., Cao, M., Jiang, S., & Yang, A. (2020). Intelligent decision- making of online shopping behavior based on internet of things.International Journal of Information Management,50, 515-525.
Izogo, E. E., & Jayawardhena, C. (2018). Online shopping experience in an emerging e-retailing market.Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing.
Suhaily, L., & Soelasih, Y. (2017). What effects repurchase intention of online shopping.International Business Research,10(12), 113-122.
Data Collection Tool
1
Name:
5
Occupation:
2
Respondent No:
6
Gender:
3
Age (Years):
7
Monthly Income ($):
4
Education:
8
Marital status:
How often do you initiate online purchases every month?
Answer..
Trust in online purchases:
Kindly respond to the statements according to your level of agreement. (HD = highly disagree, D = Disagree, U = Undecided, A = Agree, H = Highly Agree).
SI. No.
Item
Response
1.
Genuine products are sold online.
2.
Customers may never receive products if they purchase goods online.
3.
It is not advisable to use e-commerce platforms because personal data may be compromised.
4.
Poor quality goods are sold online.
5.
E-commerce dealers misuse customers bank details.
6.
What we purchase online is different from what is delivered.
7.
Compulsive buying behavior is caused by online buying.
Ease of buying:
SI. No.
Item
Response
1.
Genuine products are sold online.
2.
It is challenging to provide personal details.
3.
Payment process is cumbersome.
4.
It is hectic to differentiate products.
5.
Product quality is deceptive.
6.
It is hectic to select products.
7.
Product selection is typically hectic. Surname. 1
Proof
This survey intended to examine and investigate online buying from one state of the US. The researcher-distributed questionnaires mainly in the State of US but the major reliance were on the distribution through email and personal contacts. Initially, a total of 230 people were approached to get a response, out of 230, 80 were simply excluded from the research as the contacted persons have not used the internet for shopping and they have no knowledge or access to the online shopping so 150 respondents are studied for analysis and research. The distribution of the questionnaire to 150 educated US personnel who confirmed to be regular and experienced internet users was done by sending a questionnaire to the respondents through emails. They were requested to e-mail the filled questionnaire back to the researcher, go through the provided link of Google docs, and submit or provide the hard copy filled questionnaire.
The closed format style questionnaire that includes checklist questions, which included maximum, extend asking respondents to tick one or multiple-choice depending on the type of question to make more ease to the respondent. Ambiguous question is avoided such as frequently, good, bad, many, few, etc. These kinds of answers make two problems; introduce response bias and make the statistical analysis of the data difficult. The following will represent and discuss the results of the survey based on the 150 active internet users who participated and filled the questionnaire.
The questionnaire was designed to collect the primary data and analyze it further according to demographics, personal information, and social characteristics against the importance of trust, convenience, trust when they purchase online. The questionnaire was divided to, first, the demographics segmentation among the respondents and second, to collect the data about the factors like convenience, brand consciousness, safety, a trust which affect directly or indirectly to the decision-making process and ultimately highlight the typical behavior of a consumer while shopping online. In general, segmentation we have received the following responses such as;
Gender analysis
From the data analyzed in the excel file, it is clear that from the analysis the majority of the males are respondents of the survey as compared to females, 72% of males and 28% percentage of females have participated in this survey. The survey was conducted in one of the states of the US. It can be concluded that males do online shopping frequently as compared to females.
Age analysis
From the analysis in the exile file, it is clear that in this survey we have 71 frequencies in the age of 18 – 27 with a percentage of 47.33%, which is the highest percentage among other age distribution. In the age distribution of 28-37, there is a frequency of 49, which is equivalent to 32.67%. 14% fall in 38-47 age distribution and rest 6% fall in more than 48years old. The questionnaire responses mainly show the young generation, which is actively part of the research. The young generation purchases products online as compared to other generations.
Education analysis
From the excel results, the highest frequency 43.33 % among the respondents falls under the category of bachelors level of studies followed by the 35.33% who has the Masters degree and above. A very nominal percentage of 21.33 % categorized in high school and middle school and below the level of studies. The US system of education is categorized under five levels preschool, middle school, high school, bachelor’s, and postgraduate studies. From these results, bachelor students were the most active in the survey as they much spend their time online.
Martial analysis
From the results, the highest frequency of 46.67% among the respondents falls under the category of married followed by single that has a frequency of 39.33% in this survey. Those who fall under the category of divorced, separated, or widowed have the lowest frequency of 14%.
Monthly income
From the survey, it was analyzed that the highest frequency in income distribution falls under cant tell, which is a very strange thing but from the survey, it is happening, maybe males are reluctant to tell their income while the majority of respondents are males and 28.67% fall under less than 1500.
Online buying
From the results, the majority of the respondents had never bought online anything. 57 of frequency which is 38 % of the total respondent; highest among others segmentation of frequently do purchase online. 26% of respondents have bought things online thrice or more in a month, 21.33% of respondents bought online things once in a month and 14.67% of respondents bought online things twice in a month. It is clear from the data that the majority of the people in the state of the US are not buying things online.
From the next question, the analysis of the respondents who buy products online will change and the sample will be 62% of 150, which equals 93 respondents. 38% of people had not made online purchases.
From the results in the excel file, 21.51% of highly agree products sold online are genuine and followed by 24.73% who agree on it too of 93 respondents. The respondents have the experience of buying products online.
From the results, most of the respondents highly disagree and disagree that providing personal details is challenging, the payment process is cumbersome, product differentiation is hectic, product quality is deceptive, product selection is typically hectic, and online buying causes compulsive buying behavior. As it is from this analysis, many people in the state buy products online and they have no problem with it. Some of the respondents are undecided with online buying activities.
Summary
The internet makes life simple and innovative. Trade has become more easy and fast when people are doing business online. The Internet provides new ways to promote business. The products and services of companies are promoted on the website and buyers can see the features of products before making a decision. This makes the website more essence when doing online business. The Internet gathers all competitors and consumers in one place. It brings a new channel to reach buyers through advertising and promoting products and services in the market. To create a questionnaire, the basis was based on deciding the main variables that needed to be investigated. The general Variable includes demographics, personal information, and social characteristics.
The price compatibility to the individual budget, new attractiveness on the products, and upcoming or new products are always what many online consumers keeping looking for in online shopping. The online buying saves money for transport and time for traveling since the goods can be bought when the consumer is at home or anywhere when he/she is accessing the internet. Online shopping does not have limits on consumers. The internet can be used for comparing prices of goods and services, news, visit social networks and search for information, and so on. The online consumer behavior can be impacted much by the recession.
