nursing research 250 words apa format
What are the challenges encountered in data collection as it applies to research? What are the types of interview technique when interviewing participants? List your preferences and tell us why?
*Remember APA guidelines regarding references and citations in your discussion posts.
Discussion Post Rubric:
Each posting and Reading Reflection:
Criteria
1.25 Point
1 Point
0.75 Point
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Participation
Weight 25.00%
100 %
3 Posts
80 %
2 Posts
60 %
1 Post
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0 Posts
Quality ofinformation
Weight 25.00%
100 %
Information is clear and relates to the topic
80 %
Information is somewhat clear and might relate to the topic
60 %
The information has little relation to the topic and is not clearly displayed
0 %
Information is not clear and it does not relate to the topic
Resources
Weight 25.00%
100 %
Provides relevant resources using APA guidelines
80 %
Provides relevant resources without APA guidelines
60 %
Limited on the resources provided with major errors in APA
0 %
Does not provide any resources
Critical Thinking
Weight 25.00%
100 %
Enhances the critical thinking process through premise reflection
80 %
Enhances the critical thinking process without premise reflection
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Does enhance the critical thinking process in a very limited manner
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Does not enhance the critical thinking process
4
Data Collection, Testing, and Observation/Data Collection, Interviewing
What is data?
Basically, data or the plural form is called datum. Essentially data are pieces of information or facts that are collected for a research study. This carried out through data collection procedures. Ideally, collected data procedures is one that captures the information in a way that it is relevant, credible, accurate, truthful and sensitive. The method is which data is collected should be objective (free of bias) and systematic. It must be appropriate to the problem, the hypothesis, the setting, and the population.
What is research data management?
Research data management (or RDM) is a term that describes theorganization, storage, preservation, andsharing of data collected and used in a research project. It involves the everyday management of research data during the lifetime of a research project (for example, using consistent file naming conventions). It also involves decisions about how data will be preserved and shared after the project is completed (for example, depositing the data in a repository for long-term archiving and access).
Data management planning and things to consider.
An importantfirst step inmanaging your research data is planning. To get you started thinking about data management planning,here aresome of theissues you needto consider:
Your institution’s and funding agency’s expectations and policies
. In many cases you need Institutional Review Board (IRB) permission prior to collection of data
Whether you collect new data or reuse existing data
The kind of data collected and its format
The quantity of data collected
Whether versions of the data need to be tracked
Storage of active data andbackup policy and implementation
Storage and archiving options and requirements
Organizing and describing or labeling the data
Data access and sharing
Privacy, consent, intellectual property, and security issues
Roles and responsibilities for data management on your research team
Budgeting for data management
Videos:
What is Data?
What is data management – and why do you need it in interdisciplinary life sciences?
Tests of Function, Physical Assessment Measures, and Biological Tests are types of data testing
Testing of Data (Suggestions for Improvement)
Make sure everyone is looking at the same requirements.
Write a test plan.
Decide what to test.
Decide where to test.
Decide how much to test.
Keep an eye out for odd things.
Stay focused on what you are trying to test.
Website Link – Testing:
This link features a publication by Karis Van Valin 11/27/2017 where he expands on the suggested data testing improvement techniques.
https://www.stickyminds.com/article/7-steps-improving-your-data-testing
Observations
According to literature, observations is away of collecting data through monitoring/watching. Observation data collection method is classified as a participatory study, because the researcher has to immerse himself/herself in the setting where her respondents are, while taking notes and/or recording.
Video:Research Methods: Observations
Video:Types of Observations
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dvRZsWhBnpo
Interviewing
Interviews can be defined as a qualitative research technique which involves conducting intensive individual interviews with a small number of respondents to explore their perspectives on a particular idea, program or situation.
Boyce, C. & Neale, P. (2006). Conducting in-depth interviews: A guide for designing and conducting in-depth interviews,Pathfinder International Tool Series
Video:Qualitative analysis of interview data: A step-by-step guide
Video:Unstructured, Semi-Structured and Structured Interviews
All the best|!
Dr. Davis Theory of Interpersonal Relations:
Hildegard Peplau
Chapter 14
Overview of Hildegard Peplaus Theory of Interpersonal Relations
Original four phases in nursepatient relationships:
Orientation
Identification
Exploitation
Resolution
In 1997, the phase of identification and exploitation were combined resulting in three phases:
Orientation
Working
Termination
Three Phases of Nurse-Patient Relationships
Orientation: a health problem emerges that results in felt need, and professional assistance is sought
Working: patient identifies those who can help and the nurse permits exploration of feelings and begins to focus the patient on achievement of new goals
Resolution (termination): time when patient gradually adopts new goals and frees himself or herself from identification with nurse
Six Original Nursing Roles of NursePatient Relationship
Role of the stranger
Role of resource person
Teaching role
Leadership role
Surrogate role
Counseling role
Revised Nursing Roles
Teacher: nurse provides knowledge about a need or problem
Resource: nurse provides information to understand problem
Counselor: nurse helps recognize, face, accept, and resolve problems
Revised Nursing Roles
Leader: nurse initiates and maintains group goals through interaction
Technical expert: nurse provides physical care using clinical skills
Surrogate: nurse may take the place of another
Other Concepts of the Theory
Anxiety: energy that emerges in response to a perceived threat to security
Communication: closely linked with anxiety; involves verbal/nonverbal communication and symbolic meaning behind communication
Pattern integrations: enables transformation of energy into patterns of action that bring satisfaction in the face of a recurring problem
Four Types of Integrating Patterns
Complementary patterns occur when the behavior of one person fits with and complements the behavior of the other
Mutual patterns occur when the same or similar behaviors are used by both persons
Four Types of Integrating Patterns
Alternating patterns occur when different behaviors used by two persons alternate between the two persons
Antagonistic patterns may occur if the behaviors of two persons do not fit but the relationship continues
Major Concepts of Nursing
According to Peplau
Person: encompasses the patient (one who has problems for which expert nursing services are needed or sought) and the nurse (a professional with particular expertise)
Environment: forces outside the organism within the context of culture
Major Concepts of Nursing
According to Peplau
Health: implies forward movement of personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living
Nursing: therapeutic, interpersonal process between the nurse and the patient
Assumptions of the Theory of Interpersonal Relations
The kind of person that the nurse becomes makes difference in what each patient will learn as he or she receives nursing care
Fostering personality development toward maturity is a function of nursing
Nursing uses principles and methods that guide the process toward resolution of interpersonal problems
Propositions of the Theory of Interpersonal Relations
The nursepatient relationship is an interpersonal process made up of four components: client, nurse, professional expertise of nurse, and clients problem for which expert nursing serves are sought
The nursepatient relationship is an interpersonal process that comprises three sometime overlapping or interlocking phases
Brief Critique of Peplaus Theory of Interpersonal Relations
Primarily inductive and based on observations in clinical work and environment
Theory a had foundations in established theory
Clear and easy to understand
Basic concepts are defined
Can be generalized, tested and has been utilized in practice, education, and research
Peplaus Theory of Interpersonal Relations as a Framework for Practice
Assessment: nurse works in the orientation phase as counselor to establish a relationship with the patient and identify problems
Planning: nurse and patient are no longer strangers and are ready to move into the working phase of the relationship
Peplaus Theory of Interpersonal Relations as a Framework for Practice
Implementation: once working phase of the relationship is achieved, nursepatient partnership is clarified to agree upon one level of dependence/ independence expected
Evaluation: based on patients achievement of goals set during earlier phase of nursing process; termination phase occurs when patients problem is resolved and patient is ready for independence from nurse Theory of Culture Care Diversity and
Universality:
Madeleine Leininger
Chapter 15
Overview of Madeleine Leiningers Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory
Transcultural nursing is a substantive area of study and practice focused on comparative cultural care values, beliefs, and practices of individuals or groups of similar or different cultures with the goal of providing culture-specific and universal nursing care practices in promoting health or well-being
Overview of Madeleine Leiningers Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory
Three modalities guide nursing judgments, decisions, and actions so that the nurse can provide culturally congruent care that is beneficial, satisfying, and meaningful to the persons the nurse serves:
cultural care preservation and/or maintenance
cultural care accommodation and/or negotiation
cultural care repatterning or restructuring
Major Concepts of Nursing
According to Leininger
Person: human being, family, group, community, or institution
Environment (environmental context): totality of an event, situation, or experience that gives meaning to human expressions, interpretations, and social interactions in physical, ecological, sociopolitical, and/or cultural settings
Major Concepts of Nursing
According to Leininger
Health: state of well-being that is culturally defined, valued, and practiced
Nursing: activities directed toward assisting, supporting, or enabling with needs in ways that are congruent with the cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways of the recipient of care
Assumptions of the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Care is the essence of nursing and a distinct, dominant, central, and unifying focus
Culturally based care (caring) is essential for well-being, health, growth, survival, and to face handicaps or death
Culturally based care is most holistic means to know, explain, interpret, and predict nursing care phenomena and guide decisions and actions
Assumptions of the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Transcultural nursing is a humanistic and scientific care discipline with the central purpose of serving individuals, groups, communities, societies, and institutions
Culturally based caring is essential to curing and healing: There can be no curing without caring, but caring can exist without curing
Assumptions of the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Concepts, meanings, expressions, patterns, processes, and structural forms of care vary transculturally with diversities and universalities
Every human culture has generic care knowledge and practices and professional care knowledge and practices, which vary transculturally and individually
Assumptions of the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Culture care values, beliefs, and practices are influenced by and tend to be embedded in the worldview, language, philosophy, religion, kinship, social, political, legal, educational, economic, technological, ethnohistorical, and environmental context of cultures
Assumptions of the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Beneficial, healthy, and satisfying culturally based care influences health and well-being of individuals, families, groups, and communities within their environmental contexts
Culturally congruent and beneficial nursing care can occur only when care values, expressions, or patterns are known and used for appropriate, safe, and meaningful care
Assumptions of the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Culture care differences and similarities exist between professional and client-generic care in cultures worldwide
Ethnonursing qualitative research method provides important means to accurately discover and interpret emic and etic embedded, complex, and diverse culture care data
Assumptions of the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Cultural conflicts, cultural imposition practices, cultural stresses, and cultural pain reflect lack of the culture care knowledge that is needed to provide culturally congruent, responsible, safe, and sensitive care
Propositions of the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Culture care expressions, meanings, patterns, and practices are diverse, yet have shared commonalities and universal attributes
Generic emic (folk) and professional etic care in different environmental context can greatly influence health and illness outcomes
Propositions of the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
The worldview consists of multiple social structure factors, such as religion, economics, cultural values, ethnohistory, environmental context, language, and generic and professional care, that are critical influencers of cultural care patterns to predict health, well-being, illness, healing, and ways people face disabilities and death
Propositions of the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Three major action and decision modes provide ways to give culturally congruent, safe, and meaningful health care to cultures: culture care preservation or maintenance, culture care accommodation or negotiation, and culture care repatterning or restructuring
Decision and action modes based on culture care are predicted as key factors to arrive at congruent, safe, and meaningful care
Brief Critique of Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Broad but has specific applicability to individuals and groups when the goal is providing nursing care that is culturally appropriate
Qualitatively oriented and therefore is not generalizable; nevertheless, it is amenable to research within qualitative parameters
Concepts well organized and defined for study in specific cultures
Leiningers Theory as a Framework for Nursing Practice
Assessment: nurse uses participation, observation, and interviews within the culture to discover worldview of member of the culture as well as patients cultural and social dimensions, which requires consideration of cultural values, lifeways, influence of language, ethnohistory, and environmental context and nurse analyzes information thats been gathered to discover patterns and themes
Leiningers Theory as a Framework for Nursing Practice
Planning & implementation: plan of care is based on the data gathered and presents the plan to the patient for review and modification; process should result in culture care preservation or maintenance, accommodation or negotiation, and repatterning or restructuring
Evaluation: observes whether the process has resulted in culturally congruent nursing care
