Managerial Economics
CLA 2 Comprehensive Learning Assessment 2 CLO 2, CLO 5, CLO 8
Please read the following scenario and answer the questions below by providing the analysis based on the relevant theories and applicable examples.
If your business earns superior profits, existing and potential competitors will do their best to get a piece of the success. It is essential for firms to examine a variety of business strategies to enhance the prospects of sustainable profitability. Out of all factors that impact an industrys sustainable profitability, this CLA2 assessment focuses on the most damaging threat to sustainable profit, the entry of competitors into the market.
Entry into the market heightens competition and reduces the margins of existing firms in a wide variety of industry settings. For this reason, the ability to existing firms to sustain profits depends on how barriers to entry affect the ease with which other firms can enter the industry including the formation of new companies (Wendys entered the fast-food industry in the 1970s); globalization strategies by foreign companies (Toyota entered the U.S. automobile market the middle of the last century), and the introduction of new product lines by existing firms (computer manufacturer Apple now also sells the popular iPhone).
Your CLA2 is a paper of a minimum of eight pages, APA formatted, including one Industry Report and one Company Report that you recommend to the CEO of a company how to create a moat and prevent the threat of entry to the market.
Industry Report
Please select an industry and write a rigorous industry report for your selected industry that incorporate the followings:
The market structure of the industry by determining the concentration ratio in the industry and how market structure affects the entry into the market
The nature of the industry and the network effects
The production structure of the industry, initial capital requirements, sunk costs, and economies of scale
The prospect of the industry in the future in regard to technological innovations
Company Report
Now assume you are managing a company in this industry and are asked to write a Company Report about the long term strategic decision making of the company. The purpose of this report is to recommend a few policies to the CEO that assures a sustainable competitive advantage and long term profitability for the company.
Please include the following variables in your Company Report:
Sustainable market share and how it can be achieved
Branding, reputation, and a considerable base of loyal consumers
The managerial efficiency in strategic decision making regarding:
The integration and merger activity, vertical and horizontal integration
Preventing the entry of rivals by pricing and cost policies such as limit pricing, predatory pricing, and raising rivals fixed or marginal costs
PORTERS FIVE FORCES AND MARKET STRUCTURE 2
Westcliff University
Bus 505: Managerial Economics
Professor: Nima Salami
Date: July 25, 2020
The five forces decide the competitive structure of an industry and its profitability. Enterprise structure, collectively with an enterprise’s relative role inside the industry, are the 2 basic drivers of organization profitability. Porters Five Forces plays crucial role to evaluate the effectiveness of the industries. In comparison with the overall environment, the enterprise environment has a more direct the effect at the firms strategic competitiveness and above-average returns, as exemplified in the strategic consciousness (Zaheer & Zaheer, 2001).
1. Competition on the Industry
The bigger the figure on competitors, along by the figure on equivalent goods or services they present, the minor the power on a business.
2. Potential on Fresh Entrants in the Industry
An enterprise’s authority is affected by the pressure on clean entrants in the marketplace. The less time or money it charges on a competitor to get into a business’s market the greater powerful competitor will set up a commercial enterprise’s position resulting in a significantly weakened organization.
3. Power of Suppliers
Power on suppliers may also influence several suppliers in major inputs of a product and service, how first-rate those contributions are, or how a good deal they might value a business to shift to some other dealer. The lesser providers to the organization and more corporations will depend upon a provider.
4. Threat on Substitutes
Substitute products and services that can be applied in place on an organization’s goods and services pose a hazard. Businesses that produce products and services on which there are without close to substitutes could have extra control to raise the price and fix on favorable terms.
5. Power on Customers
That is affected by what number of clients a commercial enterprise has, how critical each customer is, or how a good deal will value an enterprise to find fresh consumers for its output. The less or greater effective customer is, subsequently, customer emerge as greater powerful to barter on lower prices (Belton, 2017)
Different Market structure
In microeconomics, ideal opposition is one of the market structures wherein a firm operates. On this market structure, there exist many buyers and sellers of the best and in this market shape, every firm sells equal goods. On this marketplace structure, there is not any access and go out boundaries and every firm on this market structure is unfastened to go into or go out this marketplace structure on every occasion they want. In this marketplace structure, there are not any entry and exit limitations and each company in this market structure are free to enter or go out this marketplace structure on every occasion they want.
The monopolistic competition is also one of the marketplace systems in microeconomics. In this marketplace structure, there is a huge quantity of dealers each selling differentiated items also on this marketplace structure there are not any access and exit obstacles.
The monopoly refers to a form of marketplace shape in microeconomics. A monopoly is the sole dealer of the best in the marketplace and consequently faces the whole marketplace demand for its product.
An oligopoly is one of the marketplace structures inside the microeconomics. In this market structure there exist only some big firms and every firm in this marketplace structure holds a few kinds of market strength and each company on this marketplace shape sells and produced handiest standardized or differentiated goods (Zede, 2020).
Each firm in this market structure acts as a rate taker and charges given marketplace rate for their product because every company on this marketplace shape produces best a minor percentage of total market output and as an end result, any unmarried company production decision isn’t always able to trade marketplace fee of the product so we are able to say that in this marketplace shape the price of the good produced by way of corporations is determined by marketplace supply and market demand and it does not exchange because of any single company production decision or by means of any unmarried purchaser buying selection.
One of the main reasons companies in this market structure earn zero monetary profit ultimately due to the fact there are no entry and exit obstacles in this market shape. So, we will say that in this marketplace structure companies can earn earnings or losses in the brief run but in the long run, all the companies in this market structure earn 0 financial profit. The monopolistic competition is also one of the marketplace systems in microeconomics. In this market structure there are many sellers every selling differentiated goods additionally in this marketplace shape there are not any access and exit barriers.
All the companies in this market structure maintain marketplace power as they are promoting differentiated goods and as a result, they may be going through a downward sloping marketplace demand curve for their product. Corporations in this market shape maximize their income by using generating at an output degree in which marginal sales will become identical to marginal fees.
On this market structure companies might also earn financial earnings or losses inside the short-run but ultimately, each firm on this marketplace structure earn Zero economic earnings and they produce at an output degree wherein marginal revenue turns into equal to marginal cost and fee will become identical to the common overall value.
The monopoly refers to a form of market structure in microeconomics. A monopoly is the sole dealer of the best within the marketplace and therefore faces the complete market demand for its product.
As a monopoly firm is aware of about the marketplace demand curve it is facing and consequently by way of the use of this know-how monopoly firm makes a decision about how lots to provide to maximize profits and the monopoly output decision determines the market fee of the best so we can say that monopoly company act as a change maker. The monopoly firm is created because of the high entry and go out boundaries (like copyright protection, patents) and because of these entry boundaries, different companies discover it unprofitable or impossible to go into this enterprise so we can say that access and go out limitations are the source of all monopoly strength (Tsoulfidis, 2009).
An oligopoly is one of the marketplace systems inside the microeconomics. In this marketplace shape there exist only some large corporations and every company in this marketplace structure holds marketplace power and each firm in this market structure sells and produced the most effective standardized or differentiated items.
In this market structure, no single firm can dominate the marketplace and as a result, there’s little or constrained opposition in this marketplace structure. On this market shape, there may be an excessive degree of entry and exit obstacles in order that no new firm can easily input into this market structure and a few examples of entry barriers are obstacles include economies of scale, excessive begin-up cost, and authorities rules. All the existing corporations in this market shape are collectively interdependent.
Analysis of five forces and different market structures
The different market structure validates the exclusive forces of porter. Beneath perfect opposition, there may be high competition and freedom of access and exits of companies. This implies that the firms under this marketplace have low profitability and market strength. However, below the monopoly, the dealer has extensive power and shoppers have low power due to low competition and no availability of near substitutes (Porter, M. E. 1980)
In the case of monopolistic opposition, there may be some market strength with corporations and some with consumers. In the case of oligopoly, there’s high competition, but every present company has a significant market share where dealers have more power as compared to buyer.
The dynamical analysis on a rolling window also well-known shows that the one of a kind strategies show distinct stages of sensitivity to occasions affecting economic markets, like crises (Musmeci, Aste, & Matteo, 2015).
Apply your understanding in the evolution of the market in the computer industry
The computer industry in the preliminary stages had the simplest one firm when located, which had a monopoly. In the long term, it turned into characterized by means of negligible opposition and strength with providers.
The prices had been also high due to the absence of economies of scale and high fixed expenses related to it. Over the years, with the technological up-gradation and expanded call for computers, there has been a fall inside the price of manufacturing observed by means of the advantage of economies of scale.
This has reduced the fee of manufacturing of computers and elevated the competition in the industry with a few greater entrants. Inside the present situation, the pc enterprise is an oligopoly market with some big dealers and plenty of customers (Orsenigo & Malerba, 1999).
References
Belton, P. (2017). An Analysis of Michael E. Porter’s Competitive Strategy | Taylor & Francis Group. London: Macat Library.
Musmeci, N., Aste, T., & Matteo, T. D. (2015, March). Relation between Financial Market Structure and the Real Economy: Comparison between Clustering Methods – ProQuest Central – ProQuest. Retrieved from ProQuest: https://co21no8ml-mp01-y-https-search-proquest-com.proxy.lirn.net/central/docview/1674506290/9856D091DD584B96PQ/2?accountid=158986
Orsenigo, L., & Malerba, F. (1999, February). ‘History-Friendly’ Models of Industry Evolution: The Computer Industry. Retrieved from ReasearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5212785_’History-Friendly’_Models_of_Industry_Evolution_The_Computer_Industry
Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors – Book – Harvard Business School. New York: Free Press.
Porter, M. E. (1998). Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors – Book – Harvard Business School. New York: Free Press.
Tsoulfidis, L. (2009). The rise and fall of monopolistic competition revolution – ProQuest Central – ProQuest. Retrieved from ProQuest: https://co21no9io-mp01-y-https-search-proquest-com.proxy.lirn.net/central/docview/211089255/1EC834CC26E144D8PQ/1?accountid=158986
Zaheer, S., & Zaheer, A. (2001, July 31). Market microstructure in a global B2B network – Zaheer – 2001 – Strategic Management Journal – Wiley Online Library. Retrieved from Wiley: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/smj.189
Zede, R. (2020, Jun 26). The Four Types of Market Structures – Quickonomics. Retrieved from Qickonomices: https://quickonomics.com/market-structures/#:~:text=There%20are%20four%20basic%20types,competition%2C%20oligopoly%2C%20and%20monopoly.&text=Meanwhile%2C%20monopolistic%20competition%20refers%20to,each%20other%20with%20differentiated%20products. Running head: A CASE STUDY TIME WARNER CABLE 1
A CASE STUDY TIME WARNER CABLE 1
A Case study Time Warner Cable
Westcliff University
Bus 505: Managerial Economics
Professor: Nima Salami
Date: August 9, 2020
A Case Study Time Warner Cable
Time Warner was founded by the merging of American Television and Communications (ATC) and Time Inc. Time Warner Cable was founded in the 1990s. The company was founded to provide high-quality content by used of different distribution outlets. In early 2000, The company grew significantly when it acquired Turner Broadcasting in 1996. The company would later become one of the largest broadcasting companies in the US and the world. Time Warner owned different entities which enabled the company to dominate the market. Some of the entities owned by Time Warner included CNN, HBO, Turner Broadcasting (CNN, CBS, and TNT), Time Magazine, MLB, and DC comics. Later in 2000, the company merged with AOL which was an internet company in a $250 billion deal. AOL had come to prominence in the 90s and had also been successful in the industry following its provision of internet services and content providers. Half of a American internet users relied on AOL for services by 1997.
In 2000, the dotcom bubble burst which led to plummeting shares of companies that dealt with internet provision. AOL Time Warner posted a loss of $98.7 billion which was attributed to the loss of business as well as accounting irregularities. The business also went down significantly that year due to the economic recession. The merger had compounded the losses and that forced the company to end the merger and continue operating independently by 2009. Later in 2013, the company continued with its operations and dedication to continue operating independently. At that time, the company was aiming to attain sustainability following the losses that it had incurred earlier in the early 2000s.
To attain sustainability the company diversified its operations by separating some of its units. For instance, Time Warner separated publishing from other key functions. The decision was taken to ensure that the company focused on a high rate of growth in products in film and entertainment. As a result of the decisions taken by the company, Financial analysis of the company showed that the revenue margins grew significantly between 2012 and 2013. Income grew by 8.6% in 2012 and by 4.5% in 2013.
Time Warner Business markets
From the case study, the business market for Time Warner is classified into three divisions. The company has three distinct segments that have products for customers. The segments include Television Networks, Film entertainment as well as Publishing. On Networks, the company has products such as Television networks such as CNN, CBS, and others. This is where customers can access news networks. The company has a network of premium pay television services which helps the company to offer customers different types of products. The film is another important segment that provides an important business market for the company. Film entertainment has films, home videos as well as video game production and distribution. Home Box Office (HBO) is one of the companies belonging to the film entertainment segment. The company deals with airing television shows. Another important business market is the distribution segment. Companies such as Warner Bros are owned by Time Warner to produce and distribute television shows, films as well as video games (Bayer & Prince, 2007).
Time Warner has been able to improve its operations by focusing its business segments. It is through the companys business segments that the company has been able to move from loss-making to generating huge profits. The other important business market for Time Warner is publishing. The company also deals with publishing magazines. Time Magazine for instance has a wide market reach which presents the company with the business market.
Competition for Time Warner and policies
Time Warner has invested in the film entertainment industry where competition has been growing over the years. There have been new entrants in the market offering similar products which have made the company change its strategy to gain a competitive advantage. The key competitors in the industry are in the film entertainment segment. The main competitors include Walt Disney, NBC, Sony, Twentieth-century Fox, Paramount Pictures, and Netflix. The company has, however, been in the market for long which has enabled it to study and understand customers (Rubinfield & Singer, 2001). The company has focused on offering its customers a wide range of products (Evans, 2008). One of the strengths of the company is its brand. Time Warner has been known as one of the best companies in the world. This has enabled the company to use its brand to its competitive advantage. The company has also been able to use the strategy of diversification where products and services can easily reach the customers.
The diversification policy has made the company successful in all three segments. Diversification has allowed the company to invest heavily on different platforms without taking a similar approach. For instance, publishing and film entertainment are two different segments. By using diversification policy, the company has been able to invest heavily in all the segments making it easy to succeed (Evans, 2004). One of the reasons that the company had failed in the past was merging with another company and failing to diversify its operations. Since the failed merger with AOL, the company has invested heavily in digital platforms making it sustainable.
Significant regulatory areas
Various regulatory areas affect the operations of Time Warner. One of the areas is quality management. The company is in an industry where quality plays an important role. To ensure that the company does not lose to the competition, it is important to make sure that quality and high standards are maintained. For instance, the company should make sure that there are standards of movies that ought to be aired on its platforms (Gimpel, 2015). Another regulatory area for Time Warner is process and capacity design. This is an important regulatory area that entails determining the production capacity that is needed by the company to meet the changes in demand for its products and services. Time Warner deals with products that rely on technology and should, therefore, invest in process and capacity design (Crawford et al, 2019). Since some of its products are on high demand such as movies, the company should set its capacity using timelines.
Piracy is another critical regulatory area that affects the decision of the company. The development of the internet has made it easy for counterfeit products including films to be distributed which takes away revenue from a company. This has affected Time Warner, especially in the film entertainment segment. There is high demand and it is easy to pirate films without the knowledge of the company. This affects the decision of the company significantly since it must ensure that the films coming out of the company cannot be pirated (Bensen, 2014). Privacy is another aspect that affects the decision-making process. Time Warner must make sure that customers accessing their services online do not have their private information compromised. Compliance with the law is another aspect that affects the decision of the company. The entertainment industry must comply with laws and regulations. The company must make decisions that are legal to prevent adverse effects from government agencies. Failure to comply with the law and regulations could adversely affect the operations as the license could be revoked.
Technology changes the challenges
Technological advancement in the film and entertainment industry poses challenges to Time Warner. Technology has made it easy for content consumers to access content through digital platforms. For instance, Netflix has been able to create a digital streaming platform that poses challenges to Time Warner. Technology requires the company to invest heavily in digital content which will also change its business model. Another challenge that technology has brought is threats of hacking. Hackers threaten to halt operations of companies such as Time Warner. The company must invest heavily in security to ensure that hackers to not compromise its operations. With movie theaters being affected by development in technology, the company has an important decision to make. To film industry is shifting to digital streaming and that will affect the operations of the company. Technology threatens the business model that has enabled Time Warner to succeed over the years. With demand for streaming of films at movie theaters dropping, Time warner will need to adapt to the new technology as it risks losing to competition.
References
Baye, MR, & Prince, JT (2006).Managerial economics and business.Mc Graw Hill.
Besen, S. M. (2014). Trying to Promote Network Entry: From the Chain Broadcasting Rules to the Channel Occupancy Rule and Beyond.Review of Industrial Organization,45(3), 275-293.
Crawford, G. S., Lee, R. S., Whinston, M. D., & Yurukoglu, A. (2019). Time Warner and antitrust policy toward vertical mergers.CPI Antitrust Chronicle.
Evans, G. E., & Morton, N. (2004). Empirical Evidence of diminishing Payoff from successive generations of Information Systems.Journal of International Technology and Information Management,13(3), 5.
Evans, G. E., & Neu, C. (2008). The use of strategic forces to understand the competitive advantages provided by information technology.Journal of International Technology and Information Management,17(2), 5.
Gimpel, G. (2015). The future of video platforms: Key questions shaping the TV and video industry.International journal on media management,17(1), 25-46.
Rubinfeld, D. L., & Singer, H. J. (2001). Open Access to Broadband Networks: A Case Study of the AOL/Time Warner Merger.Berk. Tech. LJ,16, 631. DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF OIL INDUSTRY 1
PA1: Demand and Supply of Oil Industry
Westcliff University
Bus 505: Managerial Economics
Professor: Nima Salami
Date: July 11, 2020
Demand and supply are a qualitative tool that, like the genie, empowers managers by permitting them to look the big Picture. It is a qualitative tool that you can use to forecast
Predict global market dynamics like price shifts for your company’s products. Related products (replacements and supplements), and input prices (such as labor) Resources required for your operations.
Demand is the economist term and it is the purchaser’s choice and potential to purchase a great or service. It is the underlying force that drives monetary increase and growth. The Law of demand is one of the fundamental principles of economics. It really works with the law of supply to explain how marketplace economies allocate sources and determine the fees of goods and services that we have a look at in ordinary transactions. The law of call for states that amount bought varies inversely with a price. In different words, the better the price, the decrease in the amount demanded.
Supply is an essential financial concept that portrays the entire sum of a particularly great or benefit that is accessible to shoppers. Supply can relate to the sum accessible at a cost or the sum accessible over a run of costs in the case shown on a chart. As the cost of great rises (falls) and other things stay steady, the amount provided of the great rises (falls). Makers are willing to deliver more yield when the cost is tall than when it is low (Prince, Baye, & Jeff, 2017).
The supply and demand curve are where the deliver curve and call for curve meets on the identical chart. It creates what is known as an equilibrium factor. This is wherein the deliver curve and the demand curve intersect. The following figure shows the supply and demand curve (Boyce, 2020).
Fig: Supply and Demand Curve
Fig: 2 Demand, Supply and Equilibrium
The Market Structure for oil Industry
A years ago, many observations predicted a step by step growing global scarcity of crude oil. This shortage did now not materialize in part because of the swiftly growing manufacturing of shale oil within US. The production of shale oil (also known as tight oil) exploits technological advances in drilling (Kilian, 2015). First, although the oil rate decrease has been in large part handed directly to consumers in superior international locations, there was a good deal less bypass-via in the rest of the arena. Many governments as an instance, in China and India have taken advantage of the decline to reduce subsidies on gas consumption and thereby support their fiscal role. A second reason is that, commonly, a deliver-driven oil price decline increases international demand for through moving resources from high-saving oil manufacturers to clients with a higher propensity to spend. Third, the fall apart in oil fees has led to a primary short-time period drop in investment within the oil industry, with international funding in production and exploration falling from $700 billion in 2014 to $550 billion in 2015, with spill-over to the energy commodities (Rogoff, 2016).
The supply and demand for oil in that market structure
Many variables that are determined to affect the price of oil, however, one of the most crucial visions may be won from the demand and supply for aspect. The intake aspect of the enterprise is majorly full of masses and millions of customers who are personally no longer able to be turning the tables however collectively can influence the market.
The oil fee fluctuations affect the nation’s commercial enterprise sectors mainly the manufacturing region in oil-exporting worldwide places. Its fluctuation in a surge of price has a fast effect at the improvement of oil industries manufacturing and lag one-of-a-kind areas like manufacturing, agriculture (Faheem, Azali, Chin, & Mazlan, 2020). It concludes that 35 to 50 percent of the oil rate fluctuations can be explained with the help of oil Supply and oil demand shocks. It additionally concludes a lower in oil expenses ends in excessive economic activity in advanced economies and that the pliancy is important to understand the supply of actions in oil prices (Kyritsis & Serletis, 2019).
The pricing of oil at the presence of OPEC and the role of Speculators
This complete extra demand for non-OPEC countries is satisfied with the oil supplied by means of the OPC global locations exceptional why shale oil is a substitute for oil and explain the news regarding the Cross elasticity of demand (Ghassan & Banerjee, 2015). It has been found that the foremost driving force of oil charges has been an international demand. Enlargement of the worldwide financial system demands extra raw inputs, along with oil, and that accelerated call for pushes the rate. However, the hypothesis of expenses also has been currently contributing a lot closer to the pricing behavior of oil.
Speculation is the act of buying something these days with the anticipation of promoting it at a better price later. The method of speculation usually consequences in tipping the fees of the commodities involved beneath future trading.
Elasticity of Demand
Shale oil is an alternative to traditional crude oil. However, it must be noted that the extraction method of shale oil from oil shale is more expensive in both financial and environmental terms than the extraction of crude oil. Cross Price elasticity of demand for shale oil is the proportion alternate in the amount demanded of shale oil against consistent with unit percent change in the rate of traditional crude oil.
The maximum placing function of the oil market is the low-price elasticity of demand. That means demand for oil is not very attentive to adjustments in expenses. The supply of oil is even much less elastic than most different goods because of the specialized investments that are frequently had to extract oil (Investopedia, 2020).
Conclusions
In a conclusion, A lower in oil prices results in excessive economic activity in advanced economies and that the elasticity is essential to recognize the source of moves in oil expenses and OPEC has ended up the dominant producer of oil because of its marketplace conduct and cost structure.
References
Boyce, P. (2020, July 5). What is Supply and Demand? | Definition | BoyceWire. Retrieved from BoyceWire: https://boycewire.com/supply-and-demand/
Faheem, M., Azali, M., Chin, L., & Mazlan, N. S. (2020). New Evidence of Oil Price Fluctuations and Manufacturing Output in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates – ProQuest Central – ProQuest. Retrieved from ProQuest: https://co21nm5je-mp01-y-https-search-proquest-com.proxy.lirn.net/central/docview/2410834476/B8C56BFC93D145F9PQ/1?accountid=158986
Ghassan, H. B., & Banerjee, P. K. (2015). A threshold cointegration analysis of asymmetric adjustment of OPEC and non-OPEC monthly crude oil prices – ProQuest Central – ProQuest. Retrieved from ProQuest: https://co21nm5lc-mp01-y-https-search-proquest-com.proxy.lirn.net/central/docview/1695129510/32E53EEAD244FCAPQ/1?accountid=158986
Investopedia. (2020, Jun 7). How Do Supply and Demand Affect the Oil Industry? Retrieved from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/040915/how-does-law-supply-and-demand-affect-oil-industry.asp
Kilian, L. (2015, Jan 14). Lutz Kilian – Agenda Contributor | World Economic Forum. Retrieved from World Economic Forum: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/01/how-has-shale-oil-affected-the-global-oil-price/
Kyritsis, E., & Serletis, A. (2019). Oil Prices and the Renewable Energy Sector – ProQuest Central – ProQuest. Retrieved from ProQuest: https://co21nm5lc-mp01-y-https-search-proquest-com.proxy.lirn.net/central/docview/2258123971/70376E979C504971PQ/2?accountid=158986
Prince, Baye, M., & Jeff. (2017). Managerial ecinimics and business strategy(9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Rogoff, K. (2016, March 2). Whats behind the drop in oil prices? | World Economic Forum. Retrieved from World Economic Forum: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/03/what-s-behind-the-drop-in-oil-prices/ Automobile Industry
BUS 505 Managerial Economics
Jinyue Zhang
Li Li
LI MIN TU
Lina Li
Manoj Khatri
Oluwasegun Adey
_____
Market Structure
Concentration Ratio & Entry Barriers
Concentration
Ratio
Economies of scale
Brand Identification
Cap
