Critical Reasoning week 7 Discussion
Please see the attachment
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This is a graded discussion: 25 points possible due Aug 24 at 1:59am
Week 7 Discussion: What Do I Value?
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Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Introduction
At the very end of Chapter 13, there is a Group Exercise that asks: What ideals would you go to war to
defend? We are not going to ask you to go to war, but we are going to ask you to think about what ideals
or values you believe would be worth defending even to the point of risking your life in their defense.
When Nazi Germany overtook Europe in the early 20 Century, resistance movements sprung up in the
occupied countries, and many civilians risked and lost their lives against Nazisim. Today, in Saudi
Arabia, women who protested restrictions on the rights of women imposed by that country have been
jailed, and remain jailed, even after some of the rights they asked for have been granted.
Initial Post Instructions
For the initial post, address the following:
This is not a group exercise post your thoughts, considering the scenarios proposed in the text or any
others you find important. Be sure to give your reasons for your answer.
Notice that this exercise requires deductive reasoning. You are stating a position and supporting it with
“top down” reasoning. Be sure to review Three Features of Ideological Reasoning. Apply these concepts
as you create your own arguments and evaluate those of your peers.
Remember that you are using ideological reasoning here. Is your post structured like an ideological
argument, beginning with a general idea (opinion, belief, or principle) and moving down from these
abstractions to their specific applications?
The text warns us that ideological arguments often fail the test of Truthfulness of the Premises. Have you
tested the truth of your premises?
Textbook: Chapter 13
Lesson
Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook)
What core values would you risk your life and freedom to defend?
Could a nation going to war be appropriate in certain circumstances or is war never an appropriate
response?
th
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Note
You will be writing here about what you value highly. Others may not share your values.
Indeed, you may find that someone will write something that is entirely opposed to your
values. As critical thinkers and reasoners, we do not take offense because someone
disagrees with us. Critical thinkers examine their own argument, and the arguments of
others, objectively, rationally, and logically. Critical thinkers and reasoners do not find the
opinions of others right or wrong they find them well-supported or not well-supported.
Respect the opinion of your classmates. If you feel the need to disagree, do so respectfully
and acknowledge the valid points in your classmate’s argument.
Do not write anything that sounds angry or sarcastic even as a joke, because without
hearing your tone of voice, your peers might not realize you are joking.
The real objective here is discovering what values and beliefs are important to you and
whether or not you have a sound basis for those beliefs.
Follow-Up Post Instructions
Respond to at least two peers or one peer and the instructor. Further the dialogue by providing more
information and clarification.
Writing Requirements
Grading
This activity will be graded using the Discussion Grading Rubric. Please review the following link:
Course Outcomes (CO): 3, 4, 6
Due Date for Initial Post: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Wednesday
Due Date for Follow-Up Posts: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday
Do you agree with their answers?
Would you join them in going to war for the reasons they advance, or do you disagree with their
reasons? Explain why.
Minimum of 3 posts (1 initial & 2 follow-up)
Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside source)
APA format for in-text citations and list of references
Link (webpage): Discussion Guidelines
Unread ” # $ Subscribe
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(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891)Sonja Sheffield (Instructor)
Jun 22, 2020
Edited by Sonja Sheffield (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891) on Jun 22 at 12:41pm
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Greetings Students:
You are only required to post an initial answer post and ONE follow-up post in each required
discussion, each week.
Please make your TWO posts each week between Monday and Sunday. Your posts must
occur on different days with the first post occurring by Wednesday. If there are extenuating
circumstances, please communicate with your professor.
A critical judgment is a (usually written) opinion or conclusion. A good example is the written opinion
of a property Assessor used in the buying and selling of Real Estate. While such an opinion is
subjective, it is usually accompanied by supporting evidence and rationale.
A value judgment is simply a decision about the value of something. It often involves a subjective
assessment of the importance, worth, or utility of something. The judgment that “being prepared is of
great value” is a good example.
What is a Value Principle?
In simple terms, a value principle is the value position behind a particular fact and has two
distinguishing characteristics. It is stated as a generalization. That is, the values principle relates a
particular factual claim to a broader class of related ideas. The second characteristic is the inclusion
of an evaluative term such as a prescriptive term (i.e., should, ought, or must) or
descriptive/evaluative term (i.e., such as beautiful/ugly, important/unimportant, good/bad,
relevant/irrelevant and so on). This characteristic parallels the use of an
evaluative term in the overall claim or question.
Consider the following example:
Overall Value Claim: Persons should use scarce resources wisely.
Supporting Factual Claim: Food conservation allows more people to be well nourished.
Value Principle: Practices that promote health and well-being should be encouraged.
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Melissa Shetto
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Wednesday
!
Hello everyone,
What core values would you risk your life and freedom to defend?
The main core values that I would definitely risk my life or freedom to defend would be freedom
(liberty) and equal treatment to all regardless of ones gender, social or ethnic background.
According to Hanway (2020, p. 32), many would put freedom as a major core value and it not so
much about doing entirely as we please, where others are adversely affected, but it is about being
able to develop our interests and talents, so that all may benefit.
According to how I see it freedom encompasses liberty which translates to being able to freely
express myself, to choose the quality of life that suits me, being free to practice the religious faith
of my own choosing, being able to decide my orientation, I am able to make my own choices
regarding anything that affects my life and openly express my political views so long as it respects
the freedom and safety of others. Therefore, I would risk my life and freedom to defend my own
right to liberty and that of my fellow countrymen, I would do so because when liberty is only a
reality for a few people then in truth it does not exist. When a certain group of people or community
is denied the right to practice their faith, live as they wish or even to express themselves because
of their social or ethnic background, that kind of oppression affects all of us.
Lets think about freedom, perhaps the most central and prized of our American values. We know
that there is a difference between freedom from and freedom for, the former being the removal
of restraints or responsibilities as citizens, while the latter freedom for implies that we have a
purpose and a value beyond lack of constraints upon our behavior. In that light, let us probe a little
more into our American value of freedom. Let us ask questions such as the following: Whose
freedom? Who benefits? And who pays the cost? (Hanway, 2020).
Second, I would risk my freedom to defend equality and my right and that of others to have access
to equal opportunities ranging from education, healthcare services, employment to mention a few,
regardless of my gender, social or ethnic/ racial background. Discrimination can hinder the
progress of an entire nation because a part of its community is not included in opportunities that
cause that group to fall behind in terms of development therefore, I would stand up and defend the
right to equal treatment and inclusivity of every individual.
Could a nation going to war be appropriate in certain circumstances or is war never an
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appropriate response?
According to how I see it war is never an appropriate course of action no matter the cause or
circumstances. I say this because no matter how justified the cause for a country to go to war
maybe, the cost of war in most cases out-weighs it. The consequences of war on the general
population of the nations involved has long-term negative effects including but not limited to
economic or social stagnation or decline, decrease in population caused by death, disabilities and
psychological and emotional trauma.
According to Kausar and Guangxin (2019) war not only causes the issue of people being displaced
but also the mental health problem is a major issue facing the children, men and women during
warfare. Moreover, it leads to extreme violence, aggression, destruction, and mortality of many
innocents.
Furthermore, as mentioned in an article from a medical journal; the effects of war include long-
term physical and psychological harm to children and adults, as well as reduction in material and
human capital (Murthy & Lakshminarayana, 2006).
Therefore, I believe that war should be avoided at all cost unless it is absolutely the last course and
only solution to a problem such as defending a country against invasion or enemy attacks.
References
Hanway, D., G. (2020). Finding Common Ground: Means, Ends, and Core Values in America
Today. Torch Magazine. 9, 33, pp. 29-33.
http://www.ncsociology.org/torchmagazine/v933/Hanway.pdf
(http://www.ncsociology.org/torchmagazine/v933/Hanway.pdf)
Kausar, S. and Guangxin, W. (2019). Overview on Psychological and Social Consequences of
War. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH). 4(8), pp. 11 – 19.
https://msocialsciences.com/index.php/mjssh/article/view/317
(https://msocialsciences.com/index.php/mjssh/article/view/317)
Murthy, R. S., & Lakshminarayana, R. (2006). Mental health consequences of war: a brief review of
research findings. World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association
(WPA), 5(1), 2530. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1472271/
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1472271/)
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Monica Hernandez
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Tuesday
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Hello Professor,
Core values to risk one’s life and freedom would depend on the individual person(Facione, pg 59). It is
important to receive an education to ensure people are successful throughout their life. Education
helps people learn, grow, and have a better life. People need to be educated in different areas to have
a better understanding of life, people, and society as a whole. Often, poor/lower class people aren’t
given the same opportunities and have a harder time furthering their education because they may be
unable to pay for continual education. School (https://image-seeker.com/s/?q=School) /education
should be free across the globe so people can have the same opportunities. There is a possibility the
nation will go to war to fight for a better or free education. Education empowers a person and helps
them become successful people. In my experience, people often want to further their education;
however one might not be able to do so for various reasons such as not enough money, afraid of
traveling, family problems, and many other reasons depending. on the individual. Life and freedom are
important. People need fo “go to college (https://image-seeker.com/s/?q=college) /get an education”
otherwise he/she might not able to get a decent job in this modern society. Opportunities arise when
people take/make the right choice in their life. Core values to risk one’s life and freedom often vary from
person to person. As mentioned, people all have their wants and desires. Values are essentially the
most important things in our lives.
Explanation:
This answer could vary depending on the person/topic. For the topic of “education” people could
potentially go to war to fight for better education, or to fight for free education. Education is essential to
help one live and succeed in their life. Other examples include different cultures, racial problems,
different laws, and many others. People will often fight for the things they stand for. Opinions and
beliefs will also change from person to person. One person may be for something, however, another
person could be “against” it. Different things in life are of more value than others such as freedom,
family, health (https://image-seeker.com/s/?q=health) , happiness, education, wealth, and many others.
As mentioned earlier, there are many views and opinions because people are all unique individuals.
We may not agree with one another, however, we all have our own oughts, ideas, and beliefs in which
we want to express.
References:
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Facione, P. A., & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Think critically (3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson.
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
(https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000)
(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891)Sonja Sheffield (Instructor)
Tuesday
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!
Monica, I appreciate your response for this week; however, the response needs to be about
“what you think” as it relates to the following:
What core values would you risk your life and freedom to defend?
Could a nation going to war be appropriate in certain circumstances or is war never an
appropriate response?
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Chloe Williams
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Tuesday
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Chloe Williams
Week 7 Discussion
What core values would you risk your life and freedom to defend?
One core value that I would risk my life and freedom for is for the freedom for the African American
community. Basically behind the same issues that we are currently facing today. Any African American
wrongfully convicted or an African American that face more critical consequences behind the same
thing another race did who did not receive the same consequences, if any…I will defend until the death
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of me and risk my freedom if needed. Racism is at an all time high and it has to stop. We are all
human.
Would you join them in going to war for the reasons they advance, or do you disagree with their
reasons? Explain why.
Going to war is never a good thing. But when it’s because of the same issue that has been going on for
years, what more can you do? War becomes an only option if that’s what it takes for African Americans
to genuinely receive the freedom we truly deserve. I believe that everyone should be treated equally no
matter the race. I believe that no race is better than the other or smarter than the other. I also believe
that no one is born with hate in their hearts, so teaching hate is an awful thing and it has to stop. So
yeah, I would join any nation that goes to war for the freedom of African Americans.
References
Facione, P. & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Thinking critically (3 Edition). Pearson Education, Inc.rd
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Chloe Williams
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Tuesday
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2 Minimum Scholarly Cites
Core values are the fundamental beliefs of a person or organization (Your Dictionary, 2020).
Throughout history people have gone to war. On many occasions, religious ideologies, political
ideologies, or economic ideologies have been at the root of those conflicts (Facione, 2016).
References
Facione, P. & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Thinking critically (3 Edition). Pearson Education, Inc.
Examples of Core Values. 2020. Your Dictionary. Retrieved from
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-core-values.html
(https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-core-values.html)
rd
(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891)Sonja Sheffield (Instructor) !
8/23/20, 4:45 PM
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Wednesday
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Chloe, thank you for your post for this week.
So are you purporting or advocating that African-Americans need to start a war and that war is
the only option for African-Americans to take at this point? What would that look like to you? And
finally do you believe that a nation would go to war for the freedom of African-Americans? I look
forward to your response.
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Jasmine Burgess
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11:29am
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Hi Chloe,
I enjoyed reading your post and knowing that you feel so strongly about freedom for the African
American race. I agree with you that freedom is something that is a major topic in the African
American community but I just wanted to add that equality is also a huge issue that African
Americans face. Because of what has been going on today between African Americans and law
enforcement, equality, freedom, and justice for the African American race is something that we all
should come together and fight for. I believe that war in this case is appropriate because these
issues towards African Americans has transpired for centuries and it seems that nothing is being
done. If war is something that will help bring awareness to the issue and possibly evoke change,
then I feel that it is appropriate.
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Amanda Torres
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Tuesday
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What core values would you risk your life and freedom to defend? Hello guys,
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For me personally, one core value I would risk my life and freedom to defend would be equality for
women’s rights. This idea of feminism is so much more than just women wanting to be equal, it is about
being intersectional. Intersectional feminism has to do with inclusivity for women of all economic
backgrounds, religion, race and orientation. To explain it a little bit more I found this quote from an
article in a women’s and gender studies educational website: “white feminism ignores intersectionality
and neglects to recognize the discriminations experienced by women who are not white…White
feminism depicts the way white women face gender inequality as the way all women experience
gender inequality, which just isn’t correct.” (Hawk, 2016)To me this is the only type of feminism we can
get behind. It’s not just about white women standing up for their rights, but all woman of all
backgrounds, standing up for all women. It is 2020 and women are still being denied for things based
on being a woman or a girl. One statistic I found was this “white women earn 80% of what white men
do, while black women earn 66% and Hispanic women earn 58%, a pay gap of 42%.” (Sheth, 2020)
Women in powerful work positions are still considered bossy, while men would be described as being a
“boss.” We are human, so women’s rights is human rights. We deserve fair or equal wages,
reproductive rights, to be free from sexual violence, the right to education and so much more without
barriers because of our gender.
Could a nation going to war be appropriate in certain circumstances or is war never an
appropriate response?
I am not somebody who condones violence, but I do believe that war as a last resort can be the
solution for many issues. When a marginalized group of people continue to be neglected for an issue
that has been taking place for years, how else can someone react? You cannot be expected to be
complacent when our country was built on us literally getting up and breaking free from another country
who’s beliefs we didn’t agree with. In the case of women’s rights do I think there needs to be a war,
currently, no i do not. However, if women continue to be told how and what to do with their body, they
deserve to respond however they see fit for freedom of autonomy. Right now we take a stand by
marches, or protests or speaking up, but if it continues in to be a problem with no resolution I think it’s
fair to want to bring change.
References:
Hawk, T. (2016, July 26). What is “Intersectional Feminism”?: Article. Retrieved August 19, 2020, from
https://denison.edu/academics/womens-gender-studies/feature/67969
Sheth, S., GAl, S., & Hoff, M. (2020, March 31). 7 charts that show the glaring gap between men’s and
women’s salaries in the US. Retrieved August 19, 2020, from https://www.businessinsider.com/gender-
wage-pay-gap-charts-2017-3
(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891)Sonja Sheffield (Instructor)
Wednesday
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Amanda, thank you for your post for this week.
Being a female myself I understand the points that you have made. And although you indicate
that you don’t think that there should be a war currently in the case of women’s rights, but as you
said if the problem continues that a war should follow? On what level would that war be: for
example states among themselves having ammunition or the nation as a whole? I look forward
to your response.
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Caitlyn Pienkowski
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Wednesday
!
Hello!
My core values that I would risk my life and freedom to defend would be essentially what is morally
right for a human being to have. Equality, for example, is one. This can mean equality for women’s
rights, LGBTQ+ rights, etc. Speaking for myself, I treat everyone as my equal, I don’t believe anyone is
above or below me no matter of age or professional position. If I am treated with respect, I will give my
respect as well. When I see a group of community being treated unfairly, I believe it is in my duty to
stand up for what’s right to help raise awareness and respect for those in need.
War wouldn’t have to be an option if a nation would listen to what the people are saying is morally right.
I think going to war within your own nation is something that is unnecessary for the reason that
everyone should have their rights and respect and if you have to fight for that, then you are living in a
nation where you’re rights and respect are not valued. Gitten states, “It takes courage to challenge
powerful people who are using their ideological stance to cause harm” (2015). As this risk can be a
target to you and your surroundings, it is something to ask if you’d want somebody to stand up for you
and your rights for your freedom.
What core values would you risk your life and freedom to defend?
Could a nation going to war be appropriate in certain circumstances or is war never an
appropriate response?
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References
Gittens, P.F.C. A. (2015). THINK Critically. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved
from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780133914351/
(https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780133914351/)
(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891)Sonja Sheffield (Instructor)
Wednesday
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Caitlyn, thank you for posting this week’s discussion.
You have some very interesting points but if I may, let me add some clarification. What does
going to war with in one’s own nation look like? In other words who would they be fighting and
who would be the ones doing the fighting? And finally when I think of war I think about
ammunition what are your thoughts about that using ammunition?
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Caitlyn Pienkowski
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11:27am
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Hi Professor,
When I think of going to war within one’s own nation I think kind of what’s happening in today’s
world. All of the protests and riots, fighting to raise awareness for what’s right. Although I do
not believe violence should become a thing, at the end of the day I believe I would grow tired
and frustrated if my values were not being respected. As I would not use ammunition, I can
see why people result to that.
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Wei Wen Chiang
8/23/20, 4:45 PM
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Yesterday
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Hi Caitlyn,
I agree that everyone should treat and should be treated equally. It’s crazy to think that 100 years
ago, women and people with color could not vote. That blows my mind. But I disagree that going to
war within my own nation is unnecessary. If a person or a group of people have been showing that
they are not being treated equally for a long period of time but the superior power keeps ignore or
even justify their own action, what should the minority group do to let everyone hear their voice? I
do not think war is the best choice, but when you do not have choice or when the choices are
running out…I think war becomes the last choice!
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Caitlyn Pienkowski
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11:01am
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Hi Wei Wen,
To clarify, I generally meant we do not have to go to war within our own nation if our superior
(the president) would listen to their people about their values. We as citizens should have our
rights and values respected and we wouldn’t have to go to war IF we had that. Of course going
to war is an option if we have yet to gain that respect we deserve. Hope that clarifies what i
meant!
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Juliana Shahly
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3:17am
!
Hello Caitlyn,
8/23/20, 4:45 PM
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I agree with your post. I too would go to war for equality. I choose to go to war for equality in regard
to medical treatments. I believe that everyone should be treated fairly when it comes to medical
treatments, procedures, and medications. I think it is unfair that some people are judged based on
their backgrounds especially people who are of the minority population. Also, I would definitely go
to war for women’s rights and LGBTQ+ rights. I think it is important to speak one’s mind to make a
change. I enjoyed reading your post. Good job!
-Juliana Shahly
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Elijah Wiggin
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Wednesday
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Hello class,
“Ideological reasoning is the process of thinking that begins with abstractions or generalizations that
express ones core beliefs, concepts, values, or principles and proceeds to reason top down to
applications.” (Facione, 2016)
For someone to say they would risk their freedom and life to defend it, it has to be something very
important to the person. For me that thing id my religion and what I believe in. Christianity is something
that is very important in my life and is something that I hold very important to me. I would defend what I
believe if I felt that it was threatened and die for it if it came to that point.
I think that war can be a solution but should not be the first solution tried. I do not believe that a war
would begin because of religion. There are religions like Islam where there are extremist that will do
acts of terrorism and that can start wars. I do not think that it has to come to that with defending religion
but if it does come to that point I will join in fighting for what I believe.
Facione, P. & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Thinking critically (3 Edition). Pearson Education, Inc.rd
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8/23/20, 4:45 PM
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Wednesday
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Elijah, thank you for your post this week.
So I glean from your post that although you are seemingly a peaceful individual, but you would
actually engage and defend a war to fight for what you believe in, i.e., Christianity and your
beliefs?
As an aside, what you think a religious war would look like specifically?
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Caitlyn Pienkowski
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11:34am
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Hi Elijah,
I respect your choice in what you believe in and what you’d fight for. In addition for myself, I would
fight for my family if they were threatened and the innocents of wildlife animals. We all need
someone to fight for someone or something that cannot defend themselves. I also agree war
should not be first choice, but if it has to come down to it that we would join to fight what is right.
Great post!
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Wei Wen Chiang
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Wednesday
!
Hello everyone,
I would risk my life and freedom to defend democracy and equality. A lot of people may not know
Taiwan, a tiny country thats next to China. Taiwan and China both speak Mandarin and we both look
alike when it comes to looks, but one thing that is different between the two is democracy. We are
proud of our democracy. But recently, Chinese government has frequent military practices toward
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Taiwan; the action is to threaten Taiwan to not become independent from China. In Chinas mind, we
are part of China. Throughout 2018, China stepped up pressure on international companies forcing
them to list Taiwan as a part of China on their websites and threatening to block them for doing
business in China if they failed to comply (BBC New, 2019).
War is never an appropriate response, because it would involve innocent civilians and possible
thousands of lives. But in this case, Chinese government may be too eager to expand the country
wanting to take over Taiwan and war becomes unpreventable. In recent news, Chinese government
arrested Hong Kong pro-democracy media tycoon because of his media company is writing something
that is against with Chinas wishes (CNBC, 2020). There are a lot of people randomly disappeared in
Hong Kong because they openly protest for their democracy and freedom. I think in another way, Hong
Kong citizen is in war fighting for their democracy and freedom right now.
BBC News. (2019, January 02). What’s behind the China-Taiwan divide? Retrieved August 19, 2020,
from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34729538 (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-
34729538)
CBNC. (2020, August 10). Hong Kong media tycoon Jimmy Lai arrested, newsroom searched.
Retrieved August 19, 2020, from https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/10/hong-kong-media-tycoon-
jimmy-lai-arrested-under-security-law.html (https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/10/hong-kong-media-
tycoon-jimmy-lai-arrested-under-security-law.html)
Facione, P. & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Thinking critically (3 Edition). Pearson Education, Inc.rd
(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891)Sonja Sheffield (Instructor)
Wednesday
Edited by Sonja Sheffield (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891) on Aug 19 at 12:09pm
% Reply &
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Ann, thank you for your post for this week.
I know Taiwan and I also know both countries speak Mandarin (smile). So based on the
information that you provided about China stepping up pressure on international companies and
forcing them to list Taiwan as part of China, how do you see you risking your life and freedom to
defend democracy and equality as it relates to that?
And how wo
