communication4 Write a 300 word main post that responds to each question below. Does not include reference. Chapter 4 discussed some of the ways in w -

communication4
Write a 300 word main post that responds to each question below. Does not include reference.
Chapter 4 discussed some of the ways in which language usage and verbal communication differs from person to person.
Questions to Answer:

Contrast your use of language with that of someone else you know. Using at least two concepts about verbal messages from the chapter, what are the differences between your use of language and theirs?

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communication4 Write a 300 word main post that responds to each question below. Does not include reference. Chapter 4 discussed some of the ways in w

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Concepts from the chapter that can be used include, but are not limited to:

1) onymous vs. anonymous
2) assertiveness vs. nonassertiveness
3) disconfirmation vs. confirmation
4) sexist speech
5) polarization
6) static evaluation
7) any other concepts from the chapter you find relevant

What challenges are presented when different verbal communication styles are used? How can those challenges be resolved?

Chapter Four:
Verbal Messages

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Learn the nature and principles of verbal
messages

Learn to use verbal messages more effectively
Distinguish between confirming and

disconfirming language
Learn to avoid sexism, heterosexism, racism,

ageism, and understand appropriate cultural
identifiers

Chapter Four Goals

Eight Principles of Verbal
Messages

1. Message meanings are in people

2. Messages are denotative and connotative

3. Messages vary in abstraction

4. Messages can deceive

5. Messages vary in politeness

6. Messages can be onymous or anonymous

7. Message vary in assertiveness.

8. Messages are influenced by culture/gender.

Messages Are in People

To discover the meaning a person is trying to
communicate, you must look into the person
as well as the words

As you change, you also change the
meanings of your past messages

Messages Are Denotative and
Connotative

Denotative meanings are objective or
dictionary definitions

Connotative meanings are more subjective
and emotional meanings

Snarl and purr words (coined by semanticist
S.I. Hawakowa), highly positive or negative
terms are considered connotative

Messages Vary in Abstraction

Abstractions are general concepts; they
conjure up many images in listeners minds

Less abstract words, which are more specific
and precise, are usually more effective in
getting your point across

Entertainment Film American Film Classic American films Casablanca

Messages May Deceive

The act of sending messages with the
intention of giving another person information
you believe to be false

There are different types of lies (pro-social,
self-enhancement, selfish-deception, and
antisocial deception)

Liars tend to exhibit certain behaviors

Messages Vary in Politeness

Direct messages are usually less polite than
indirect ones

Indirect messages allow you to express a
desire without insulting or offending someone

Politeness differs between genders
Netiquette provides guidelines for politeness

in computer-mediated communication

Messages Can Be Onymous or
Anonymous

Onymous messages have a clearly defined
author

Anonymous messages are messages where
the author is not identified
These messages allow people to express their

inner feelings more freely
This might encourage some to go to extremes

Messages Vary in Assertiveness

Assertiveness is the willingness to stand up
for your rights but with respect for the rights
of others
Describe the problem
State how the problem affects you
Propose workable solutions
Confirm understanding

Messages Are Influenced by Culture
and Gender

Culture
Messages are culturally

influenced
The principle of

cooperation
The principle of

peaceful relations
The principle of self-

denigration
The principle of

directness

Gender
Verbal messages

reflect considerable
gender influences

Example:
disagreements

Disconfirmation and Confirmation

Disconfirmation
A communication pattern

in which one ignores the
other persons presence
and communication

Rejection is not the same
things as disconfirmation;
you still accept the other
persons significance

Confirmation
A communication

pattern in which one
acknowledges the other
persons presence and
attends to his/her
communication

Disconfirmation and Confirmation
cont

Confirmation
Acknowledge presence and

contribution of other
Make nonverbal contact
Demonstrate understanding

of words and feelings
Ask questions
Encourage the other person

to express thoughts and
feelings

Disconfirmation
Ignore presence and

indifferent to messages
Make no nonverbal contact
Jump to interpret and

evaluate messages
Talk about self
Interrupt; make it hard for

others expression

Skill Development Experience

Carries boyfriend of seven years left her
and married another woman. Carrie

confides this to Samantha.

What would she say if responding
with disconfirmation?
with rejection?
with confirmation?

Racist Speech
Puts down, minimalizes, and marginalizes a

group based on their race
Often subtle or unintended
Avoid derogatory terms for members of a race
Avoid mentioning race when it is irrelevant
Avoid attributing individuals economic or

social problems to the his or her race

Heterosexist Speech

Derogatory language used against gays or lesbians
Avoid offensive parodies and nonverbal mannerisms
Avoid complimenting gay men and lesbians that

they dont look it
Avoid assuming that every gay male or lesbian

knows what every other gay male or lesbian is
thinking

Stay clear of making overattributions
Remember and celebrate relationship milestones

Ageist and Sexist Speech

Ageist
Prejudice against other

age groups
General disrespect for

older people
Age restrictions in

certain occupations

Sexist
Generic man
Generic he and his
Sex role stereotyping

Cultural Identifiers

Race and nationality
Affectional orientation
Age
Sex

Principles for Using Verbal Messages
Effectively

Avoid intensional orientation
Avoid allness
Distinguish between facts and

inferences
Avoid indiscrimination
Avoid polarization
Avoid static evaluation

Extensionalize: Avoid Intensional
Orientation

Intensional orientation Viewing people,
objects, or events in the way they are talked
about or pre-labeled

Extensional orientation Look first at the
actual people, objects, or events and then
apply labels

See the Individual: Avoid Allness

Allness thinking Putting into all or never
categories

Recognize that there is always more to learn
about something

Distinguish between Facts and Inferences:
Avoid Fact Inference Confusion

Discriminate Among:
Avoid Indiscrimination

Indiscrimination: A form of stereotyping,
failing to distinguish between similar but
different people

Solution: See the individual apart from the
group

Talk about the Middle:
Avoid Polarization

Polarization: Tendency to see the world in
extremes, similar to the either-or fallacy

Solution: Search for the middle ground

Update Messages:
Avoid Static Evaluation

Static Evaluation: When you hold on to
judgments about people and ignore theyve
changed

Solution: Look at statements in context of
time

End Show

Chapter Four Goals
Eight Principles of Verbal Messages
Messages Are in People
Messages Are Denotative and Connotative
Messages Vary in Abstraction
Messages May Deceive
Messages Vary in Politeness
Messages Can Be Onymous or Anonymous
Messages Vary in Assertiveness
Messages Are Influenced by Culture and Gender
Disconfirmation and Confirmation
Disconfirmation and Confirmation cont
Skill Development Experience
Racist Speech
Heterosexist Speech
Ageist and Sexist Speech
Cultural Identifiers
Principles for Using Verbal Messages Effectively
Extensionalize: Avoid Intensional Orientation
See the Individual: Avoid Allness
Distinguish between Facts and Inferences: Avoid Fact Inference Confusion
Discriminate Among: Avoid Indiscrimination
Talk about the Middle: Avoid Polarization
Update Messages: Avoid Static Evaluation
End Show

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