communication2 Directions: Write a 350 main post that responds to each question below. Chapter 2 defines what your self-concept is and the role self-

communication2
Directions:
Write a 350 main post that responds to each question below.
Chapter 2 defines what your self-concept is and the role self-disclosure plays in human communication. The media and technology play a huge role in both of these processes.
Questions to Answer:

What are at least two different ways that mass media and technology contributes to the shaping of our self-concept? Provide specific examples to support your experiences and observations.
Does technology enhance or limit opportunities for self-disclosure? Why or why not?

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Chapter Two:
The Self and Perception

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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter Two Goals

Define self-concept
Define self-awareness
Define self-esteem
Discover the process of self-disclosure
Learn the nature and workings of perception
Explain the strategies of impression

management

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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Self in Human Communication

Who you are and how you see yourself influence
not only the way you communicate but also
how you respond to the communication of
others.

Self-concept
Self-awareness
Self-esteem
Self-awareness

Self-Concept

The image you of who you are, its how you
perceive yourself.

Sources of Self Concept
Other peoples images of you
Social comparison
Cultural teachings
Self-interpretations and self-evaluations

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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2008
Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2008
Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Self-awareness

Who am I?
Basic to all communication and is achieved

when you examine several aspects of
yourself as they might appear to others as
well as to you

Johari window is a tool that measure what we
know and dont know about ourselves

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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Your
Four
Selves

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Growing in Self Awareness

Listening to others
Increasing your open self
Seek information about self
Dialogue with yourself

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Self-Esteem

Attack self-destructive beliefs
Beware of the Imposter Phenomenon
Seek out nourishing people
Work on projects that will result in success
Remind yourself of your successes
Secure affirmation

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Self-Disclosure
A type of

communication
in which you
reveal
information
about yourself

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The Rewards of Self-Disclosure

Gain self-knowledge
Improved coping abilities
Communication enhancement
More meaningful relationships

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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Rewards of Self-Disclosure

Better self-knowledge
Stronger coping abilities
Improved communication
Meaningful relationships

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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Dangers of Self-Disclosure

Personal risks
Relationship risks
Professional risks

Rememberlike all communication, self-
disclosure is irreversible. You can not self-
disclose and then take it back.

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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Guidelines for Making Self-Disclosures

Things to consider:
The motivation
The appropriateness
The disclosures of the other person
The possible burdens self-disclosure might

entail

Self-Disclosing at Work?

Assume it may be repeated
Realize it may be used against you
May lead to a loss of power
Disclosing a disability is your decision
You are not obligated to disclose based on a

colleagues decision too

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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2008
Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Guidelines for Facilitating and
Responding to Others Disclosures

Support and reinforce the discloser
Be willing to reciprocate
Keep the disclosures confidential
Dont use the disclosures against the

person

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Your Rights in Self-Disclosure

Resist pressure to self-disclose if you are
uncomfortable

Do not be pushed into disclosing
Be indirect and move to other topics
Be assertive in protecting yourself

Stages of Perception

Perception is a continuous series of
processes that blend into one another. For
discussion purposes, we divide these into
five stages.

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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2008
Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Stimulation (Stage 1)

First stage: our sense organs are stimulated
Selective perception
Selective attention
Selective exposure

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Organization (Stage 2)

At the second stage, you organize the
information your senses pick up. There are
three rules that we tend to follow:
Proximity: Physical closeness
Similarity: Items that look alike
Contrast: Opposite of similarity

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Interpretation-Evaluation (Stage 3)

Subjective
Influenced by experiences, needs, wants,

values, expectations, physical and emotional
state, gender, and beliefs, rules, schemata,
and scripts

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Memory (Stage 4) and Recall (Stage 5)

Memory (Stage 4)
Storage of

stimulation
Cognitive tags

Recall (Stage 5)
Reconstruction
Inaccuracies

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Impression Formation

An academic term for what we do everyday.
We use a variety of processes to manage
these impressions, called impression formation
processes.
Self-Fulfilling prophecy
Primacy-Recency
Stereotyping
Attribution of Control

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

This occurs when a prediction becomes true
because you act as if it were true.

1. Formulate a prediction or belief

2. Act towards situation as if belief were true

3. Because of your actions, belief becomes
true

4. Your observed effect reinforces the belief

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Primacy-Recency

Primacy effect What comes first exerts the
most influence on your overall perception

Recency effect What comes last exerts the
most influence on your overall perception

Be careful of relying to heavily on first
impressions

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Stereotyping

One of the most common shortcuts in
perception

Fixed (and often distorted) impression of a
group of people

Causes us to overlook individual
characteristics and see people solely based
on the stereotype

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Attribution of Control

Process of explaining why someone acted as
he or she did.

Three potential errors:
Self-serving bias
Overattribution
Fundamental attribution error

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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2008
Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Increasing Accuracy in Impression
Formation
Analyze impressions

Recognize your own role in perception
Avoid early conclusions
Beware of the just world hypothesis

Check your perceptions
Describe what you see/hear and seek

confirmation

Reduce your uncertainty
Increase cultural sensitivity

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Impression Management: Goals and
Strategies

Also called: self-presentation or identity
management

Refers to the processes you go through to
communicate the impression you want other
people to have of you

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Strategies of Impression Management

Affinity-seeking and politeness
Credibility
Self-handicapping
Self-deprecating
Self-monitoring
Influencing
Image-confirming

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2008
Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

End Show

PowerPoint Presentation
Chapter Two Goals
The Self in Human Communication
Self-Concept
Slide 5
Self-awareness
Your Four Selves
Growing in Self Awareness
Self-Esteem
Self-Disclosure
The Rewards of Self-Disclosure
Rewards of Self-Disclosure
Dangers of Self-Disclosure
Guidelines for Making Self-Disclosures
Self-Disclosing at Work?
Guidelines for Facilitating and Responding to Others Disclosures
Your Rights in Self-Disclosure
Stages of Perception
Stimulation (Stage 1)
Organization (Stage 2)
Interpretation-Evaluation (Stage 3)
Memory (Stage 4) and Recall (Stage 5)
Impression Formation
Self-fulfilling Prophecy
Primacy-Recency
Stereotyping
Attribution of Control
Increasing Accuracy in Impression Formation
Impression Management: Goals and Strategies
Strategies of Impression Management
End Show

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