CLA 2 PPT – Presentation for the Business Research Proposal
In addition to your Business Research Proposal (CLA 1 & CLA 2 Paper), please prepare a professional PowerPoint presentation summarizing your findings for Business Research Proposal. The presentation will consist of your major findings, analysis, and recommendations in a concise presentation of 15 slides (minimum). You should use content from your Business Research Proposal as material for your PowerPoint presentation. In addition, you should include learning outcomes from all your major assignments. This would include PA1, CLA1, PA2, and of course, CLA2 (unless otherwise specified by your Professor). An agenda, executive summary, and references slides should also be included.
Power Point Tip:
Dont crowd your slides with information. Talk about it dont read it.
Put script in the notes area
Dont have a lot of graphics and transitions.
Note:
1. This assignment will be the presentation (PPT) on the Business Research Proposal “Impact of Covid-19 on Tourism Industry”
2.Please read the Power Point Tips attached carefully before starting the assignment
3. Need to have at least 7 peer-reviewed articles as the reference
4. Need to include in-text citation
5. Need to write the script of the presentation in the note area of each slides
6. I have attached the PA1, PA2, CLA1 papers, you have to summarize the learning outcome of the each assignments
Tips for Making Effective PowerPoint Presentations
8/8/2017
Slideshows are quick to produce, easy to update and effective to inject visual interest into the presentation.
However, slideshows can also spell disaster even for experienced presenters. The key to success is to make certain your slideshow is a visual aid and not a visual distraction.
Tips for Making Effective PowerPoint Presentations
Use the slide master feature to create a consistent and simple design template. It is fine to vary the content presentation (i.e., bulleted list, 2-column text, text & image), but be consistent with other elements such as font, colors, and background.
Simplify and limit the number of words on each screen. Use key phrases and include only essential information.
Limit punctuation and avoid putting words in all capital letters. Empty space on the slide will enhance readability.
Use contrasting colors for text and background. Light text on a dark background is best. Patterned backgrounds can reduce readability of text.
Avoid the use of flashy transitions such as text fly-ins. These features may seem impressive at first, but are distracting and get old quickly.
Overuse of special effects such as animation and sounds may make your presentation cutesy and could negatively impact your credibility.
Use good quality images that reinforce and complement your message. Ensure that your image maintains its impact and resolution when projected on a larger screen.
If you use builds (lines of text appearing each time you click the mouse), have content appear on the screen in a consistent, simple manner; from the top or left is best. Only build screens when necessary to make your point because builds can slow your presentation.
Limit the number of slides. Presenters who constantly flip to the next slide are likely to lose their audience. A good rule of thumb is one slide per minute.
Learn to navigate your presentation in a non-linear fashion. PowerPoint allows the presenter to jump ahead or back without having to page through all the interim slides.
Know how to and practice moving forward AND backward within your presentation. Audiences often ask to see the previous screen again.
If possible, view your slides on the screen youll be using for your presentation. Make sure slides are readable from the back row seats. Text and graphical images should be large enough to read, but not so large as to appear loud.
Have a Plan B in the event of technical difficulties. Remember that transparencies and handouts will not show animation or other special effects.
Practice with someone who has never seen your presentation. Ask them for honest feedback about colors, content, and any effects or graphical images youve included.
Do not read from your slides. The content of your slides is for the audience, not for the presenter.
Do not speak to your slides. Many presenters face the direction of their presentation rather than their audience.
Do not apologize for anything in your presentation. If you believe something will be hard to read or understand, dont use it.
When possible, run your presentation from the hard disk rather than a floppy disk. Running from a floppy disk may slow your presentation.
The Seven Deadly Sins of PowerPoint Presentations
By Joseph Sommerville
Its not surprising PowerPoint slideshows have become the norm for visuals in most business presentations. Slideshows are quick to produce, easy to update and effective to inject visual interest into the presentation. However, slideshows can also spell disaster even for experienced presenters. The key to success is to make certain your slide show is a visual aid and not a visual distraction. For the best results, avoid these common seven deadly sins of PowerPoint presentations.
1. Slide Transitions And Sound Effects: Transitions and sound effects can become the focus of attention, which in turn distracts the audience. Worse yet, when a presentation containing several effects and transitions runs on a computer much slower than the one on which it was created, the result is a sluggish, almost comical when viewed. Such gimmicks rarely enhance the message youre trying to communicate. Unless you are presenting at a science fiction convention, leave out the laser-guided text! Leave the fade-ins, fade-outs, wipes, blinds, dissolves, checkerboards, cuts, covers and splits to Hollywood filmmakers. Even builds (lines of text appearing each time you click the mouse) can be distracting. Focus on your message, not the technology..
2. Standard Clipart: Death to screen beans! PowerPoint is now so widely used the clipart included with it has become a visual clich. It shows a lack of creativity and a tired adherence to a standard form. First, make certain that you need graphical images to enhance your message. If you do, use your own scanned photographs or better-quality graphics from companies such as PhotoDisc (www.photodisc.com) or Hemeras Photo Objects (www.hemera.com). Screen captures can add realism when presenting information about a Website or computer program. Two popular screen capture programs are Snagit (www.techsmith.com) for Windows and Snapz Pro (www.ambrosiasw.com) for Macintosh. Both are available as shareware.
3. Presentation Templates:Another visual clich. Templates force you to fit your original ideas into someone elses pre-packaged mold. The templates often contain distracting backgrounds and poor color combinations. Select a good book on Web graphics and apply the same principles to your slides. Create your own distinctive look or use your company logo in a corner of the screen.
4. Text-Heavy Slides: Projected slides are a good medium for depicting an idea graphically or providing an overview. Slides are a poor medium for detail and reading. Avoid paragraphs, quotations and even complete sentences. Limit your slides to five lines of text and use words and phrases to make your points. The audience will be able to digest and retain key points more easily. Dont use your slides as speakers notes or to simply project an outline of your presentation.
5. The Me Paradigm: Presenters often scan a table or graphical image directly from their existing print corporate material and include it in their slide show presentations. The results are almost always sub-optimal. Print visuals are usually meant to be seen from 8-12 inches rather than viewed from several feet. Typically, these images are too small, too detailed and too textual for an effective visual presentation. The same is true for font size; 12 point font is adequate when the text is in front of you. In a slideshow, aim for a minimum of 40 point font. Remember the audience and move the circle from me to we. Make certain all elements of any particular slide are large enough to be seen easily. Size really does matter.
6. Reading: A verbal presentation should focus on interactive speaking and listening, not reading by the speaker or the audience. The demands of spoken and written language differ significantly. Spoken language is shorter, less formal and more direct. Reading text ruins a presentation. A related point has to do with handouts for the audience. One of your goals as a presenter is to capture and hold the audiences attention. If you distribute materials before your presentation, your audience will be reading the handouts rather than listening to you. Often, parts of an effective presentation depend on creating suspense to engage the audience. If the audience can read everything youre going to say, that element is lost.
7. Faith in Technology: You never know when an equipment malfunction or incompatible interfaces will force you to give your presentation on another computer. Be prepared by having a back-up of your presentation on a CD-ROM. Better yet is a compact-flash memory card with an adapter for the PCMCIA slot in your notebook. With it, you can still make last-minute changes. Its also a good idea to prepare a few color transparencies of your key slides. In the worst-case scenario, none of the technology works and you have no visuals to present. You should still be able to give an excellent presentation if you focus on the message. Always familiarize yourself with the presentation, practice it and be ready to engage the audience regardless of the technology that is available. Its almost a lost art.
Joseph Sommerville has earned the title The Presentation Expert for helping professionals design, develop and deliver more effective presentations. He is the principal of Peak Communication Performance, a Houston-based firm working worldwide to help professionals develop skills in strategic communication.
Tips for Effective PowerPoint Presentations
Fonts
Select a single sans-serif fonts such as Arial or Helvetica. Avoid serif fonts such as Times New Roman or Palatino because these fonts are sometimes more difficult to read.
Use no font size smaller than 24 point.
Use the same font for all your headlines.
Select a font for body copy and another for headlines.
Use bold and different sizes of those fonts for captions and subheadings.
Add a fourth font for page numbers or as a secondary body font for sidebars.
Dont use more than four fonts in any one publication.
Clearly label each screen. Use a larger font (35-45 points) or different color for the title.
Use larger fonts to indicate importance.
Use different colors, sizes and styles (e.g., bold) for impact.
Avoid italicized fonts as these are difficult to read quickly.
Avoid long sentences.
Avoid abbreviations and acronyms.
Limit punctuation marks.
No more than 6-8 words per line
For bullet points, use the 6 x 6 Rule. One thought per line with no more than 6 words per line and no more than 6 lines per slide
Use dark text on light background or light text on dark background. However, dark backgrounds sometimes make it difficult for some people to read the text.
Do not use all caps except for titles.
Put repeating elements (like page numbers) in the same location on each page of a multi-page document.
To test the font, stand six feet from the monitor and see if you can read the slide.
Design and Graphical Images
Use design templates.
Standardize position, colors, and styles.
Include only necessary information.
Limit the information to essentials.
Content should be self-evident
Use colors that contrast and compliment.
Too may slides can lose your audience.
Keep the background consistent and subtle.
Limit the number of transitions used. It is often better to use only one so the audience knows what to expect.
Use a single style of dingbat for bullets throughout the page.
Use the same graphical rule at the top of all pages in a multi-page document.
Use one or two large images rather than several small images.
Prioritize images instead of a barrage of images for competing attention.
Make images all the same size.
Use the same border.
Arrange images vertically or horizontally.
Use only enough text when using charts or graphical images to explain the chart or graph and clearly label the image.
Keep the design clean and uncluttered. Leave empty space around the text and graphical images.
Use quality clipart and use it sparingly. A graphical image should relate to and enhance the topic of the slide.
Try to use the same style graphical image throughout the presentation (e.g., cartoon, photographs)
Limit the number of graphical images on each slide.
Repetition of an image reinforces the message. Tie the number of copies of an image to the numbers in your text.
Resize, recolor, reverse to turn one image into many. Use duplicates of varying sizes, colors, and orientations to multiply the usefulness of a single clip art image.
Make a single image stand out with dramatic contrast. Use color to make a dramatic change to a single copy of your clip art.
Check all images on a projection screen before the actual presentation.
Avoid flashy images and noisy animation effects unless it relates directly to the slide.
Color
Limit the number of colors on a single screen.
Bright colors make small objects and thin lines stand out. However, some vibrant colors are difficult to read when projected.
Use no more than four colors on one chart.
Check all colors on a projection screen before the actual presentation. Colors may project differently than what appears on the monitor.
General Presentation
Plan carefully.
Do your research.
Know your audience.
Time your presentation.
Speak comfortably and clearly.
Check the spelling and grammar.
Do not read the presentation. Practice the presentation so you can speak from bullet points. The text should be a cue for the presenter rather than a message for the viewer.
Give a brief overview at the start. Then present the information. Finally review important points.
It is often more effective to have bulleted points appear one at a time so the audience listens to the presenter rather than reading the screen.
Use a wireless mouse or pick up the wired mouse so you can move around as you speak.
If sound effects are used, wait until the sound has finished to speak.
If the content is complex, print the slides so the audience can take notes.
Do not turn your back on the audience. Try to position the monitor so you can speak from it.
Additional Resources
Download Interactive Slide Show | Designing Effective PowerPoint Presentations | 53 slides
Legislative Staff Services 7
Research Process
Students Name(s)
Institutional Affiliation(s)
Course Title
Professors Name(s)
Date
Research Process
Introduction
Highways and toll roads usage have significantly increased, and necessarily they are so busy mostly (Popoola, Popoola, Oluwaranti, Badejo, & Atayero, 2017). Thus, the manual traditional toll collection systems have been rendered inefficient since they cause more traffic congestion on the roads. It is costly to operate a staffed system due to the high level of labor requirements. In the 1990s, the New York and New Jersey area’s regional transport agencies were prospected to investigate the practicability of electronic toll collection (ETC) system implementation in the interregional roadways as posited in the case study. For the effective functioning of the ETC system, the commuters are provided with the tags that produce radio signals. The central receivers at the toll establish the commuter associated with a particular signal. The tags are connected with the commuter’s toll account, which is debited every time he/she uses a toll facility. Thus, the electronic toll collection (ETC) system taskforce has evaluated the system’s need for the interregional roadways of New York-New Jersey areas. Evaluation of Problem Definition Process
Defining a problem ignites problem solutions and concrete decision making. By problem definition, a researcher can establish a viable need to conduct the research (Moriarty, 2018). Thus, in this case, the task force must evaluate why ETC is required for the interregional roads and the effectiveness of implementing ETC. The interregional taskforce has adequately established in the case study that the ETC system’s need is based on the need to reduce congestion at the toll plazas and eliminate the need for cash payment.
Vision Description
Before the problem description, one must explain how the case would be if the problem is solved does not exist (Lane, 2018). Taskforce establishes the aim to minimize congestion in the toll highways and raise revenue for the regional roads maintenance. There are inefficiencies in the toll collection system since it cannot achieve maximum revenue collection for toll road maintenance (Popoola, Popoola, Oluwaranti, Badejo, & Atayero, 2017). Thus the vision concern should be prospected to achieve an efficient electronic toll collection system for the smart and connected communities. From the case study, the task force establishes a general vision of establishing the ETC program’s feasibility in the interregional roadways area. Therefore, this paper aims to establish ETC’s efficiency in toll collection compared to the traditional toll collection system.
Problem description
At this stage, the task force in charge specifies the main problem he/she wants to solve (Rwegoshora, 2016). For instance, inefficiency in check-in protocols in the airport. While describing a problem helps in identifying the hindrances for the goal or vision achievement. The traditional system’s ineffectiveness significantly affects the transport sector in the region since it is costly to employ laborers for the toll collection compared to the automated system. Additionally, the task force establishes that the traditional system caused congestion at the region’s toll plaza. It affects the commuters’ planning schedule since much time is utilized compared to ETC. From the case study, Texas and Louisiana had successfully implemented the ETC system; thus, there was a need for the interregional ETC system to cut on cost, duration of service delivery, and increase revenue.
Consequences description
Once the problem has been described, and a description of why it is a problem has been established, the consequences of solving the problem must be addressed (Wongpinunwatana, Jantadej, & Jantachoto, 2018). Notably, the task force depicts that electronic toll collection system implementation would foster costless revenue collection for the road maintenance in the transport sector, minimize the rate of congestion in the regional toll plazas, and achieve a commuter-friendly system. However, if the ETC system is not implemented in the region, it would lead to adverse effects on the transport sector and the commuters (Popoola, Popoola, Oluwaranti, Badejo, & Atayero, 2017). The toll plazas would be more congested, and the much time would be used for toll collection. Also, the revenue collection for toll road maintenance would be costly compared to the ETC.
From the E-ZPass, in case 6.1, the problem has been adequately identified because the authorities have first established their vision, which is the adoption of Electronic toll collection (ETC). Still, the task force has described the problem adequately they aim to solve. Additionally, the authorities have described consequences or ramifications of implementing the ETC, such as jam’s reduction at the toll plazas and cash or token payment elimination for the tolls or facilities. From case 6.1, the task force is majorly concerned with the ETC’s implementation.
Research Design Implementation
Research design in this particular study aims to identify an effective strategy that fully integrates its various components effectively in addressing the research problem in this study (Patel, Elena, & Summers, 2019). Thus, in this study, the task force or a researcher can use an experimental research design whereby one can maintain control of the factors that would affect the experiment’s results. Additionally, an experimental research design enables a researcher to examine possible future outcomes through predictions while addressing the research problem. An experimental design is useful in this study since there is consistency in the ETC implementation causal relationship used in other states like Texas and Louisiana. Additionally, the correlation between ETC and the research problem in this study is strong, and therefore, the experimental design would exhaustively elaborate much on the relationship. Also, in this study, it possible to subdivide the study groups into the experimental group and control group measuring with one dependent variable. The taskforce has control and power to manipulate the study population, an easy tool for experimental design implementation.
Research Questions Formulation
The development of the research question is based explicitly on the researcher’s interest in the study (Cronje, 2020). It should be clear in a way that the audience can understand the research’s purpose without a more in-depth explanation. From Case 6.1 a researcher can adopt the following research questions;
1. How does ETC adoption affect the level of revenue collected?
2. How does ETC adoption affect traffic and congestion in the roads and plazas?
3. What is the commuters’ preferred method of payment for ETC between prepaid and post-paid?
Contents of a Dummy Table
Dummy tables represent the tables and figures useful in presenting the results of a research or a study. Dummy tables depict what the researcher is doing and how they intend to show or display results (Kondrat & Jaggers, 2016). In this research proposal, a dummy table can include; the commuter’s payment method preference either post-paid or prepaid, number of vehicles in a toll facility in one hour, toll per journey, number of trips per day, total toll amount per day per vehicle, number of vehicles on the fleet, total toll amount daily, total toll amount monthly.
In conclusion, I have established in this paper the vision of the task force is to entirely implement the electronic toll collection system to mitigate inefficiencies associated with the traditional collection system. The ETC system would enable the transport sector to raise adequate revenue for roads maintenance, and reduce congestion in toll plazas among others. The appropriate research design for this study is the experimental design to collect the first information. Notably, the dummy table in this research would postulate the number of vehicles in a toll facility in one hour, toll per journey, number of trips per day, total toll amount per day per vehicle, number of cars on the fleet, total toll amount daily, total toll amount monthly to show the efficiency of the system in revenue collection.
References
Cronje, J. C. (2020). Designing Questions for Research Design and Design Research in e-Learning.Electronic Journal of e-Learning,18(1), 13-24.
Kondrat, D. C., & Jaggers, J. W. (2016). Research at work: Understanding regression tables in research studies.Families in Society,97(2), 142-148.
Lane,S. (2018). A good study starts with a clearly defined question.BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology,125(9), 1057-1057.
Moriarty,B. (2018).Research skills for teachers: From research question to research design. Allen & Unwin.
Patel,A., Elena,M., & Summers,J. (2019). A systematic approach to evaluating design prompts in supporting experimental design research.Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design,1(1), 2755-2764.
Popoola, S. I., Popoola, O. A., Oluwaranti, A. I., Badejo, J. A., & Atayero, A. A. (2017). A Framework for Electronic Toll Collection in Smart and Connected Communities. WCECS, 2(1), 2-5. http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/12641/1/WCECS2017_pp723-726.pdf
Rwegoshora, H. M. (2016).A guide to social science research. Mkuki na Nyota publishers.
Wongpinunwatana,N., Jantadej,K., & Jantachoto,J. (2018). Creating creative thinking in students: A business research perspective.International Business Research,11(4), 47. 1
10
Toyota Research Questionnaire
Students Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
Toyota Research Questionnaire
Introduction
Customer orienta cction is among the virtues that organizations focus on (Bell et al., 2018). Every organization works hard to ensure that all customers’ needs are adequately satisfied (Sheth et al., 2011). This is mostly based on the expectations of the customers. Meeting these expectations assures satisfaction. Typically, customer satisfaction refers to the percentage of customer prospects that have been met after using a specific service or product. Questionnaires are a critical instrument used in the collection of qualitative data (Creswell & Creswell, 2017). Based on the advances in technology, the questions can be administered through different platforms such as emails, google forms or face-to-face interaction. The methods are effective as they can be distributed through various platforms to a variety of participants. The criteria will be effective in the collection of qualitative and quantitative data. There are different types of questions, including open-ended and closed questionnaires (Reja et al., 2003). In the case of open-ended questionnaires, the participants provide more information about their responses. In contrast, in the closed questionnaires, the participants are limited as the researcher offers the answers to choose from.
Background of Toyota Company and data collection.
The company is the leading automobile manufacturer, which is based in Japan (Alshehri, 2016). Due to the high demand for their vehicles, globally, there is a need to assess their customers’ satisfaction after using their products. This assessment makes it po czssible for the organization to make changes to the various issues affecting the dissatisfied customers. To garner this information, the most convenient instrument is questionnaires, which can be shared through different platforms such as Google forms, which can be filled, from any part of the world (Cooper et al., 2003). The instrument will collect primary data as the criteria for determining the respondents will be vehicle owners. Both ordinal and nominal data will be collected through the questionnaire. The nominal information consists of the level of income, age group, gender. The ordinal data will provide information about the customer’s ratings, the perception of the customers to the features of the vehicle, among other aspects. Toyota Vehicle owners will participate in the study. These individuals have information about the operation of Toyota automobiles.
Questionnaire
Dear sir/madam
The company is glad that you opted for our products to provide commuting services. To improve the provision of services, we are fetching information from our product owners. The information will be useful as it can be used to make improvements to the products. The data obtained via this questions is private and confidential. It will only be used for the improvement of services. Kindly feel free to share anything about our products.
1. Gender
Female
Male
Others
2. Age-group
18-30
30-40
40-60
60+
3. What is your profession?
Student
Military
Civil servant
Businessperson
Other(specify)
4. What is your monthly income in dollars
50,0000-100000
100000-200000
200000-500000
500000+
5. Which vehicles have you used in the past
Hyundai
Ford
Suzuki
Toyota
Others (specify)
6. Which is your preferred choice of vehicle
Hyundai
Suzuki
Ford
Toyota
Others (specify)
7. Have you ever used Toyota Vehicle?
Yes
No
8. If yes, for how long?
9. When purchasing the vehicle, did you receive any benefit from the salespersons
Yes
No
10. If you received the benefit, were you contented?
Yes
No
11. What is your perception about the servicing of the vehicle offered by Toyota Company? Are you satisfied with the services
Yes
No
12. Kindly rate the Toyota vehicle you have used based on the following parameters
Feature and rating
1
2
3
4
5
Reliability
Durability
Utilization
Design
Mileage
13. Kindly, fill in the table to provide information on the post-buying experience
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
5
4
3
2
1
Description
1
2
3
4
5
1
contented with the exterior and interior design of the vehicle
2
contented with the level of safety of the vehicle
3
contented with the value of your vehicle
4
contented with the performance level for your vehicle
5
Would you ask your peers to purchase Toyota products
6
Will you go for a Toyota product in future
14. In a brief description, provide other aspects of the products that you would like, improved, or included
Thank You for your response
Conclusion
Customer satisfaction is one of the critical ingredients in the running (Quinlan et al., 2015). The expenditure incurred by any customer should be reflected in the quality of the commodity. This guarantees the corporation a growing market share (. There are different strategies used to reach customers, such as product reviews (Marshall, 2018). In this case, the questionnaires will be of great significance in providing critical data. The questionnaires will be distributed through different strategies such as google forms. The fourteen closed and open-ended questions will be of great importance in identifying customers’ perception of Toyota products. They have explored all aspects of the vehicle and have provided a platform for the customers to make their recommendations about the products. This will provide substantive information about the levels of satisfaction of the customers.
Reference
Alshehri, O. (2016). Toyota Process Flow Analysis. Global Journal of Management And Business Research. Volume 16 Issue 5.
Bell, E., Bryman, A., & Harley, B. (2018). Business research methods. Oxford university press.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. Sage publications.
Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S., & Sun, J. (2003). Business research methods.
Marshall, S. (2018). Doing research in the business world.
Quinlan, C., Zikmund, W., Babin, B., Carr, J., & Griffin, M. (2015). Business research methods. South-Western Cengage.
Reja, U., Manfreda, K. L., Hlebec, V., & Vehovar, V. (2003). Open-ended vs. close-ended questions in web questionnaires. Developments in applied statistics, 19(1), 159-177.
Sheth, J. N., Sethia, N. K., & Srinivas, S. (2011). Mindful consumption: a customer-centric approach to sustainability. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39(1), 21-39. 5
Impact of Covid-19 on Business
Students Name
Institution Affiliation
Course Title
Professors Name
Date
Impact of Covid-19 on Business
Introduction
A never-experienced virus known as Covid-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) graced the world in 2019 and was first reported in Huang China in December. At that time, not much had been done to contain the virus as no one thought it would become a global pandemic. Sooner than later, China was on lockdown in an effort to contain the virus. Little did the world know that the air transport had already spread the virus to other countries. By March, the virus had already been detected in more than one hundred and forty-six states. Due to this, most have been on lockdown, borders have been closed, and movement has been restricted. As a result of this, the business has become impossible, especially in the tourism industry.
Statement of Purpose
The purpose of this study is to highlight how Covid-19 has impacted business, especially the tourism industry globally. Tourism is all about spending and moving; when people can no longer move and can no longer spend due to the constraints facing the economy, then it means that the tourism business cannot earn. The study wi
