2 discussions and 1 case study and weekly Summary
Discussion 2.1
Define and compare Kinetic and non-Kinetic war?
Discussion 2.2
What laws apply to Cyberwarfare?
Case Study 2.1
The Intelligence Operations Process.
Writing Requirements
34 pages in length (excluding cover page, abstract, and reference list)
At least 3-4 peer-reviewed sources that are properly cited and referenced
APA format, Use the APA template located in theStudent Resource Centerto complete the assignment.
Please use the Case Study Guide as a reference point for writing your case study.
Weekly Summary 2.1
Each week you will write and submit a brief summary of the important concepts learned during the week. The summary will include a summary of the instructor’s weekly lecture including any videos included in the lecture.
Writing Requirements
Use the APA template located in theStudent Resource Centerto complete the assignment.
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Cyberwarfare: Information
Operations in a Connected World
Lesson 2
Cyberwarfare, Law, Ethics, and
Intelligence Operations
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Learning Objective(s)
Explain the role of law and ethics in
cyberwarfare.
Describe intelligence operations in
cyberwarfare.
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Key Concepts
Kinetic warfare
Laws and ethics in cyberwarfare
Intelligence gathering processes, disciplines, and
techniques
The types of support intelligence can provide to
offensive and defensive cyberwarfare
How countries have gathered intelligence in a
connected world
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DISCOVER: CONCEPTS
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Kinetic and Nonkinetic Warfare
Traditional type of
military conflict
Kinetic
warfare
High-technology
cyberwarfare
Nonkinetic
warfare
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International Law and Kinetic
Warfare
Categories of the laws of warfare
Jus ad bellum, Latin for the right to war
Jus in bello, Latin for the law of war
Legal review and legality of actions
Legal authority to determine what is/is not legal
according to international law resides with
international courts like International Court of
Justice (ICJ)
– Primary judicial branch of the United Nations
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Civilian, Military, and Shared Use
of Infrastructure
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Cyberwarfare Law
Cyberwarfare in a kinetic warfare context
Example: Stuxnet aimed at Irans uranium
enrichment facilities
Kinetic warfare law in a cyber context
Kinetic warfare crosses over into cyberwar when
combatants respond to or preempt cyberattacks
using traditional means of warfare
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Ethics and Cyberwarfare
Ethical standards in existing international law
Self-defense
Proportionality
Limitations on targets
Common concepts in codes of ethics
Appropriate use of skills and capabilities
Professionalism
Adherence to existing laws and standards
Respect for privacy and confidentiality
Integrity in actions and access to systems and
data
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DISCOVER: OBJECTIVES
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The Tallinn Manual
An in-depth review and analysis that provides
nonbinding advice based on existing
international body of law around armed conflict
and related topics
Is a response to:
Focus on cyberattacks by nation-states and
nonstate actors
The challenges those attacks provide when
nation-states attempt to determine if their
activities or those of their attackers are covered
by international law
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Tallinn Manual
Sovereignty, jurisdiction, and control
Responsibility
The use of force
Self-defense
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Identification of Mercenary Actors in
Warfare
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Determination of Use of Force By Nation-
State
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Tallinn Manual
Civilians and infrastructure
Espionage, treachery, and ruses
Neutrality
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Shared Use of Infrastructure in
the Cyberworld
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DISCOVER: CONTEXT
Page 18Cyberwarfare: Information Operations in a Connected World
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Overview of Intelligence
Operations
Intelligence: The collection, analysis, and
dissemination of information about the
capabilities, plans, intentions, and operations of
an adversary
May take place at behest of nations or nonstate
actors seeking to gain an advantage over a
military, political, criminal, or business
adversary
Page 19Cyberwarfare: Information Operations in a Connected World
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Overview of Intelligence
Operations (Cont.)
Using repeatable, organized approach to
intelligence collection and analysis ensures that
nations can:
Prioritize use of intelligence resources
Gather information needed by decision makers
at policymaking, strategic, and tactical levels
Page 20Cyberwarfare: Information Operations in a Connected World
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Intelligence Operations: Intelligence
Cycle
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Data Processing During Intelligence
Cycle
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DISCOVER: TECHNOLOGY
Page 23Cyberwarfare: Information Operations in a Connected World
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Intelligence Disciplines
Human intelligence (HUMINT)
Signals intelligence (SIGINT)
Open source intelligence (OSINT)
Geospatial intelligence (GEOINT)
Measurement and signature intelligence
(MASINT)
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Prioritization Chart for Ranking Potential
HUMINT Sources
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RC-135 Rivet Joint Aircraft Used for
SIGINT Collection Missions
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Page 26Cyberwarfare: Information Operations in a Connected World
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U-2 Dragon Lady Aircraft Used for IMINT
Collection Missions
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Page 27Cyberwarfare: Information Operations in a Connected World
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Slide from Colin Powells Presentation to
United Nations Security Council
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DISCOVER: UNDERSTANDING
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Supporting Offensive
Cyberwarfare
Providing information about potential targets
Collecting information about cyberwar
capabilities of third parties and using
information to frame a third party as the
source of an attack
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Supporting Defensive
Cyberwarfare
Gathering information about adversaries
through intelligence
May leverage HUMINT, SIGINT, and other
traditional methods
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Supporting Defensive
Cyberwarfare (Cont.)
Intelligence operations attempt to answer:
Who are potential adversaries?
What are adversaries technical capabilities?
What are cyberwarfare opponents plans and
intentions?
What signs warn of impending attack?
How will adversary make decisions about using
cyberwarfare techniques?
How will adversary communicate orders to engage
in cyberwarfare?
Page 32Cyberwarfare: Information Operations in a Connected World
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Case Studies: Media Reporting
on Intelligence Activities
Echelon
Telephone metadata
Muscular
Follow the Money
Quantum
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Summary
Kinetic warfare
Laws and ethics in cyberwarfare
Intelligence gathering processes, disciplines, and
techniques
The types of support intelligence can provide to
offensive and defensive cyberwarfare
How countries have gathered intelligence in a
connected world
