Response for Mod 2 Pat
Responding back to classmates post. Respond to both responses for 1 and 2. Must be 150 words or more with in citation using APA 7th edition.
1. Epithelial cells are cells that line the human body and work to protect it against infection and harmful pathogens. They are located on your skin, organs, blood vessels, and urine. They’re secretions contain substances that kill the growth of bacteria, viruses, and fungus. There are three major plasma protein systems that all play a role in the inflammatory response: the complement system, the clotting system, and the kinin system. The complement system produces substances that can destroy pathogens. The clotting system does exactly what its name says, it forms a blood clot. “Clots serve to plug damaged vessels, and stop bleeding, trap microorganisms, prevent their spread to adjacent tissues, and provide a framework for future repair and healing (Huether, McCance & Brashers, pg.137). The kinin system is made up of proteins that play a role in inflammation, blood pressure control, coagulation, and pain. Bradykinin is produced and causes the blood vessels to dilate, which explains why an increase in the blood pressure occurs.
References
Huether, S., McCance, K., & Brashers. V.Understanding Pathophysiology.St. Louis, Missouri. Elsevier Inc. Page 137.
2. Lupus is known as Systemic lupus erythematous, produces autoreactive antibodies and cytokines they play a major role in the disease and its progression(Pravda, 2019).I chose this disease because my sister has lupus (SLE) and has now developed a loss of kidney function. There are some days that she is ok and there are days that she is really weak and swollen. She has also developed Rheumatoid Arthritis that is occasionally painful. Over the past week, she has started having flares and has been in extreme pain. SLE is characterized by antibodies to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens, multisystem inflammation and protean clinical manifestations.
Antibodies are supposed to protect our body from foreign invaders. When a person has lupus (SLE), the immune system cannot tell the difference between invaders and healthy tissue. Autoantibodies are made that damage and destroy healthy tissue. They also cause damage in parts of the body, inflammation and pain. The deposition of circulating DNA/anti-DNA complexes in the kidneys can cause severe kidney inflammation (208). These reactions can happen in the skin, brain, spleen, lung and GI tract, and peritoneum.
There is not a single diagnostic test, there is an antinuclear test done and a variety of lab test to note changes that occurs in the body while having lupus (SLE). Most labs will include a CBC, ESR, kidney and liver assessment and urinalysis. Treatment may include NSAIDs, antimalarial drugs, corticosteroids, immunosuppressant, Benlysta and Rituximab (208).
Nursing care includes, relief of pain and discomfort, maintain skin integrity, compliance of medication. To prevent remission and flare ups, you would want to make sure you educate the patient on s/sx to know when a flare up is occurring and to avoid UV light because it can initiate flares. There is no cure for SLE, The goal is to control the symptoms and prevent further damage by suppressing the autoimmune response (208).
References
Huether, S. E., McCance, K. L., Brashers, V. L., & Rote, N. S. (2017). Chapter 8. InUnderstanding pathophysiology(pp. 208). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Pravda, J. (2019). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Pathogenesis at the Functional Limit of Redox Homeostasis.Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,2019, 1-11. doi:10.1155/2019/1651724
