Final Project
AUTISM
Make sure your research proposal adheres to the following structure:
Title page
Abstract (see APA guide for format)
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Discussion and Conclusion
References
In addition, each section should include the following information:
Abstract:An abstract is a summary of the paper. Review the abstracts of the articles used in your literature review for examples of detailed abstracts.
Introduction: .
Literature Review: The literature review is not a copy of that material. Rather, it is a synthesis of the material you found into a cohesive review of the literature on your chosen topic. Make sure to include all the articles that you used in Weeks for your literature review.
Methodology: .
Discussion and Conclusion:
References: In this section, you should include all of the articles you collected for the literature review. In addition, take care to cite all the references in the APA format.
Running Head: VARIABLES
VARIABLES 5
Application of Different Kinds of Variables in a Research Project
Crystal Alston
South University
As learned in the previous class, there are different kinds of variables in a research set up. The different kinds of variables include; dependent variable, independent variable, moderator variables, control variables, intervening variables, and extraneous variables. The dependent variable in empirical research is a variable that relies on other factors that can be measured. The dependent variables change with effect from the other factors. When the independent variable is manipulated, there is a change in the result of dependent variables (Kaliyadan & Kulkarni 2019). The independent variable on the other hand is not influenced by other variables that are being measured. This is the course of research that is being intervened and is stable. Intervening variables describe the relationship between the dependent and independent variables in the research. They include teaching and learning in languages in the research topic.
The moderator variables modify the effects of intervening variables and are measured to determine their fate. The control variables are used to neutralize, balance, and eliminate the variables that are not measured in the research. The variables that are controlled in research are referred to as control variables. Extraneous variables are dangerous and damage the validity and nature of the study hence it is difficult to differentiate them from independent variables, moderator variables, and control variables. The discussion will take the course to look at an article on the, an empirical study analyzing job productivity in toxic workplace environments. The object of this research was to identify the effects of a toxic workplace environment on the productivity of an employee (Yang.et.al.). Organizations have focused on increasing profits and this is connected to the performance of employees. Employees work solemnly in a better environment with little disturbance. A toxic workplace is not conducive for employees and reduces their performance about the companys performance.
The dependent variable in this empirical research project is job productivity. The productivity of a company depends on the work environment of that company. When the work environment is toxic, the employees will underperform thus resulting in low job productivity. In this research, the independent variable is the toxic work environment. And from our definition, an independent variable is stable and is not affected by other factors. The workplace environment is not affected by any factors but can affect very many variables including the productivity of the company. It is also known that dependent variables can be measured for example in this case; productivity is measured in revenue, sales amount, and profits. Independent variables on the other hand cannot be measured, for instance, you cannot measure a toxic working environment. The research project identifies the intervening variable which is the analysis. The analysis defines the relationship between the work environment and the productivity(Olsson 2018).
The strength of this relationship is referred to as the moderator variables and can either be weak or strong. The workplace environments include; job burnout, workplace harassment, and workplace bullying, toxic work environment, and work ostracism. All these are categorized under the independent variables and influence the job productivity. The methods used in this research include; survey design that was used in collecting quantitative data. Rigorous data analysis methods were used in testing the nature of the relationship concerning the mentioned variables. The relationship between toxic workplace environments and job productivity was measured genuinely and found to be moderate (Pandey 2020). The positivism paradigm was applied to determine the relationship in contemplation to questionnaires formed before the research. A systematic sampling technique was applied to help in determining the results of the study. The independent variable consists of the following subdivisions; harassment, incivility, bullying, and ostracism, and can controllably affect the productivity to a certain degree.
This study has identified several kinds of variables and the effects they have on each other. Just a reminder of what we learned that a viable project must portray both the independent and dependent variables for the research objectives to be set out. In this research, the objectives are; to determine whether a toxic environment harms the productivity of the company, to determine the toxic environmental symptoms that affect productivity, to identify the extent of productivity affected by the toxic environment, and to determine the relationship between the two variables (Pond & Caetano 2018). A toxic environment affects the productivity of a firm negatively. The methods used in data analysis include; regression analysis method, mediation analysis, descriptive analysis, and the measurement models. All these methods portray direct results to the research hypothesis. The methods determine a positive hypothesis of the research states that a toxic workplace environment affects the productivity of a firm.
In conclusion, the variables in research include; dependent variable, independent variable, moderator variables, control variables, intervening variables, and extraneous variables. The research focused on the article, an empirical study analyzing job productivity in toxic workplace environments whose objective was to identify the effects of a toxic workplace environment on the productivity of an employee (Pond & Caetano 2018). We also learned that a viable project must portray both the independent and dependent variables for the research objectives to be clear. To code these variables in a mini tab, first accept the terms and conditions of the license agreement, understand the minimum expectations to conduct the software, remove the expired software from the software and the code the variables according to their numbering.
References
Kaliyadan, F., & Kulkarni, V. (2019). Types of variables, descriptive statistics, and sample size.Indian dermatology online journal,10(1), 82.
Olsson, M. (2018). Variables. InJava Quick Syntax Reference(pp. 7-11). Apress, Berkeley, CA.
Pandey, S. (2020). Types of variables in medical research.Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences,6(1), 4.
Pond, G. R., & Caetano, S. J. (2018). Types of Variables and Distributions. InMethods and Biostatistics in Oncology(pp. 23-35). Springer, Cham.
Valera, I., & Ghahramani, Z. (2017, July). Automatic discovery of the statistical types of variables in a dataset. InInternational Conference on Machine Learning(pp. 3521-3529).
Yang, X., Tong, Y., Meng, X., Zhao, S., Xu, Z., Li, Y., … & Tan, S. (2016, August). Adaptive logistic group Lasso method for predicting the no-reflow among the multiple types of high-dimensional variables with missing data. In2016 7th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ACCESS)(pp. 1085-1089). IEEE. Running head: VISUAL REPRESENTATION 1
VISUAL REPRESENTATION 3
Visual representation of Correlation
Crystal Alston
South University
Visual Representation of Correlation
Visual representation refers to the use of graphs, charts, and tables for those who research to give out correlational data visually. The use of these charts, graphs, and tables is beneficial in presenting data that can be easily used in the analysis of data and concluding. There are five explained visual representations of correlations.
The first visual Correlation that was researching about parents watching and the insights of parental young offenders who walk with weapons. The representation of the offenders includes graphs, functions, and tables, which are used to give out the findings that support how parents who have children carrying weapons and do fight have improved frustrations about it (Calhoun et al., 2015). Data represented in the graphs are well represented as the graphs show the means and standard deviation of the variables from the results, and this will make it easy for comparisons and identification.
The second representation is the effect of supposed nurturing practices on depression and substance abuse in African-American teenagers. The article represents a table that shows the correlational data between how the parents are involved, both paternal and maternal. The research findings revealed that, according to the table, there is an involvement of maternal parents in cases of depression. In contrast, in the cases of the drug and substance abuse, there is an involvement of paternal parents (Caldwell et al., 2006). The correlation table makes the data well represented easy to understand the data. The greatest way to improve the table is to increase the table’s color, which makes it more appealing to the eye.
The third representation is a peer journal which explains the courses of school and the public involvement in adolescents of different gender and wrong behavior. A table was used in the visual representation of this data. The research findings are centered on the data that was placed in the table, representing the parameters of bad behaviors in adolescents in schools (Bolland et al., 2016). The data that was represented by the table was perfect and very rational because of the headers and the labels. The clarity of the table can be developed by decreasing the amount of labels in the table.
The other representation is a journal authored by Stavros Kiriakidis, which studies the expectation of wrong purposes to be repeated, look for them from the interactive, normative, and control opinions (Kiriakidis, 2010). Tables used the demonstrations of these findings, and the tables have a connection to the results that were acquired. The tables are very clear and logical as they are characterized by the keys that explain the sections very well. The representations can be developed by classification of the sections of the table instead of using the key in the tables.
The last representation in the article studies the views of the society of justice for the adolescents accused of murder. The Correlation was done visually was done by tables. The table represents the percentage of respondents that endorse the adult courts for the first and the repeat juvenile offenders. The table represents the assumption that was found and shows that more defendants choose adult courts for those young lawbreakers who repeat the offending (Stalans & Henry, 1994). The table is clear and easy to read through it. However, the table has the tendency to be wordy and difficult to read through for some. The representation of the table can be improved by reducing the words in the table.
References
Bolland, K. A., Church, W. T., & Hooper, L. M. (2016). Trajectories of school and community connectedness in adolescence by gender and adolescence by gender and delinquent behavior. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, 602-619.
Caldwell, R. M., M.Sturges, S., & Silver, C. (2006). An Examination of the Influence of Perceived Parenting Practices on Depression and Substance Use Among African American Juvenile Offenders. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 31-48.
Calhoun, G. B., Glaser, B. A., Peiper, J., & Carr, B. M. (2015). Parental Monitoring and Perceptions Related to Juvenile Offenders Who Fight and Carry Weapons. Department of Counseling and Human Development Services, 643-650.
Henry, G. T., & Stalans, L. J. (1994). Societal Views of Justice for Adolescents Accused of Murder. Law and Human Behaviour.
Kiriakidis, S. P. (2010). Prediction and Explanation of Young Offenders Intentions to Re-offend From Behavioral, Normative, and Control Beliefs. European Psychologist, 211-219. Running head: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE STUDIES
1
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE STUDIES
2
Quantitative and Qualitative Studies
Crystal Alston
South University
Palese, A., Fabbro, E., Casetta, A., & Mansutti, I. (2016). First or second drop of blood in capillary glucose monitoring: Findings from a quantitative study: JEN JEN. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 42(5), 420-426. doi:http://dx.doi.org.su.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.jen.2016.03.0
In this article the discussion and studying of the effects of capillary stick testing the first drop of blood versus the second drop on type 1 diabetic patients. Evidence has not shown any proven facts that the first drop of blood versus the second drop is more significant when testing a patient on a glucometer. The study is to show which drop of capillary blood contains a more accurate account of blood glucose. Diabetic patients are required to test their blood glucose potentially 3-4 times daily based upon physician recommendations. Studies are attempting to show which is more effective whether in a hospital setting or an outpatient setting. There are approximately patients that participated in this study that have been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.
One recommendation to improve the study is to develop a questionnaire in which each diabetic patient must submit before testing can begin. Based upon those answer will determine whether a capillary stick or venipuncture would be more appropriate to obtain blood glucose. Most physicians would test immediate results in order to begin treatment for the patient. However, with a venipuncture the test would be presented to the lab for the results. Processing time may take up to 3 hours or potentially a day to get results. Additionally, the study could incorporate underlying conditions that may have contraindications with diabetes. Studying how other medications may interact with diabetic treatment can cause a screwed ready or result. Also, the length of time in which the diagnosis has been placed on the patient and what treatment options have been introduced can help to determine which form of blood processing would be more reasonable. Capillary blood testing is a small amount (droplet) of blood in which an immediate result is given via a glucometer. The recommendation is that the first drop should not be tested due to the preparation of the finger. This means cleansing and ensuring the area is free of contaminations. The first blood is clean with a sterile gauge and the next droplet is taken as the specimen. Detailed information should be included into the study in order to provided concise results and best practices.
Tabak, R. G., Dsouza, N., Schwarz, C. D., Quinn, K., Kristen, P., & Haire-Joshu, D. (2018). A formative study to understand perspectives of families eligible for a pediatric obesity program: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 18 doi:http://dx.doi.org.su.idm.oclc.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5466-x
In this qualitative study of children with Medicaid health insurance that have been diagnosed with obesity or being overweight. Program established in 2015 called Raising Well conducted the study to try and initiate a plan that supported the parents and child on Medicaid with obesity or being overweight. The program promoted lifestyle change, coaching, participation, and recommendations. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of over the phone contact and communication. Participants are interviewed via phone and approximately 19 families participated, 24 dropped coaching, and 27 non-participants. The objective is to prevent childhood obesity and overweight diagnoses with education and intervention.
The methods used to obtain results for this study could be placed on a more personal level. Meaning, instead of interviewing the families and participants via telephone, conduct a face to face interview in order to obtain more personal information versus over the phone. Prepare an area where the participant can feel comfortable and build a rapport. Introduce group therapy or family therapy where the entire household can be involved in order to obtain a clear insight of what the environment is like at home. Incorporate a plan in which the participant can journal what happens during his/her day including eating habits. Fid out the triggers that may cause binge eating and overeating during the day or determine if it only happens at night/home.
Psychological testing to rule out depression or any other mental disorders that may be underlying. There are several mental disorders that are related to overeating and obesity. Peer interaction in school and potentially after school programs, and how those relationships are developing or lack of peer relationships. Ultimately, there is bullying that is present in childhood development and schooling this aspect should be addressed as well. Testing the child perhaps on a self-paced format on the computer. Where there are options for the child/participant to choose from that relates to what emotions, feelings, stressors etc., that the child may not be willing to verbalize.
