Course Project Milestone: Annotated Bibliography- APA FORMAT (4-7 pages)
TOPIC:
Refer to the paper below titled (Immigration) to answer the following questions.
Answer this question: What are the personal and/or communal ethical factors that may be involved in determining the moral position of either side in that debate?
Next, articulate and then evaluate the ethical positionsusing Kantian ethics (that is, the categorical imperative) relative to the long-standing debate (that is your topic chosen in the week three assignment).
Finally, create a complete annotated bibliography for 5 academic scholarly sources. You will annotate each source. The sources should be relevant to your topic chosen in the week three assignment.
Include the following:
Publication details
Annotation (a detailed reading of the source)
Each annotation section should include the following:
Summarize key points and identify key terms (using quotation marks, and citing a page in parentheses).
Describe the controversies or “problems” raised by the articles.
State whether you agree or disagree and give reasons.
Locate one or two quotations to be used in the final research project.
Evaluate the ways in which this article is important and has helped you focus your understanding.
Use the following as a model:
APA Reference
Mezirow, J. (2003). Transformative learning as discourse. Journal of Transformative Education, 1(1), 58-63.
Annotation Example
In this article, Mezirow (2003) makes a distinction between “instrumental” and “communicative” learning. “Instrumental learning” refers to those processes which measure and gauge learning, such as tests, grades, comments, quizzes, attendance records and the like. “Communicative learning,” on the other hand, refers to understanding created over time between individuals in what Mezirow calls “critical-dialectical-discourse,” (p. 59) which is a fancy way of saying, important conversation between 2 or more speakers. Another key idea Mezirow discusses is “transformative learning,” (p. 61) which changes the mind, the heart, the values and beliefs of people so that they may act better in the world. Mezirow argues that “hungry, desperate, homeless, sick, destitute, and intimidated people obviously cannot participate fully and freely in discourse” (p. 59). On the one hand, he is right: there are some people who cannot fully engage because their crisis is so long and deep, they are prevented. But, I don’t think Mezirow should make the blanket assumption that everyone in unfortunate circumstances is incapable of entering the discourse meaningfully. One thing is certain: if we gave as much attention to the non-instrumental forms of intelligence–like goodness, compassion, forgiveness, wonder, self-motivation, creativity, humor, love, and other non-measured forms of intelligence in our school curriculums, we’d see better people, actors in the world, and interested investigators than we currently have graduating high school.
COURSE PROJECT MILESTONE 2
Immigration
Charnita Ware
Chamberlain University
Ethics 445
Immigration
Immigration reform is a universal concept for variations or efforts to modify laws governing immigration and immigrants. Immigration reforms core the rules affecting the entrance of the new immigrants to the U.S. from all over the globe, also the situations needed to get the citizenship of the United States. Besides, it appears as an area of interest related to political regimes and their ideologies, which make policy and rules encounter towards immigrants, occasionally drift depending on the leader in charge in that particular given time or political reign.
Considering the immigration reform debate on one side, we have some who tend to look at the United States as a State which was entirely made by immigrant’s hard work of labor; from around the world. However, some of the immigrants have a complimentary view, such as the United States should be on the front to welcome them; because some are looking for employment opportunities, better life, and freedom. It happens that the individuals who tend to have this view favor the issue of policy reforms such as the United States to make more legal ways to enter the country, easy acquittance of the citizenship, and also included for all the immigrant groups present all time. (Watts,2018)
On the other hand, the immigration reform debate shares frustration over the rising rate of illegal entry into the U.S., mostly from the lower part, the southern border between the United States and Mexico. The high rate of movement across the two boundaries is due to illegal activities such as human trafficking, drug violence, and gang activities, which are on escalating in numbers at an alarming rate in the parts of Latin America. It has led to many large groups of immigrants to flee and seek refuge in the United States. As the immigrants try to find their way into the States, some U.S. citizens who do not support the idea have called for stricter borders, improving enforcement, and restrictive immigration rules, all targeted at reducing the rate of illegal immigration into the United States. (Watts,2018)
Ethical Egoism declares that an individual should do what is in his or her top benefits, over the short run and long run. It recommends egoism, not idiocy. Regarding immigration reform, ethical egoists would argue that the happiness of the Americans is the uppermost moral purpose. They will support the side of Americans who don’t support immigration reform. It is because some Americans feel that if immigrants are allowed to the U.S, it will have a negative impact. For example, an increase in population, leading to overcrowding, mostly in urban centers (this can increase the spread of transmittable diseases) and also increasing unemployment. However, there can be a conflict between the Americans since some of them would support immigration reforms since they think it is valuable. (Rachels & Rachels, 2019)
Social contract ethicist argues that when the law varnishes, the oppressive government begins. It says that individuals stay together in society following an agreement that creates political and moral guidelines. For immigration reform, social contract ethicists will support that the government should deal with it according to the rules and regulations. They will keep the policy of the U.S government about immigration reforms. Hence, there will be no conflicts among the Americans about immigration reforms since the issue will be handled according to the law, the one which everyone in America follows. There will be no unfair decision-making. (Rachels & Rachels, 2019)
Professional code of ethics are guidelines which control how professional carry out activities. In the case of immigration reforms, there is the U.S government code of ethics, which governs how the government treats the immigrants. Some of the codes of ethics are; allowing loyalty to the uppermost moral values and country above faithfulness to the public, party, or Government sector. Also, maintain the laws, constitution, and regulations of the U.S. It is all about governments and never classifies unfairly by giving unique treatments to anyone, whether for remuneration or not. By the use of the professional code of ethics, everyone is treated fairly. (Topor,2018)
In the topic in which I choose immigration reforms, there is a conflict between the professional and the familial duties. The debate on immigration reforms can affect the people in government, whereby they would be stressed on the right course of action about the immigration reforms (whether they should or should not allow it). Once someone is stressed, he/she would not be able to perform his/her family duties appropriately, such as parenting responsibilities, among others
Conclusion
Lately, the immigration reforms debate revolves around the civil, constitutional rights of immigrants, their part, and the duty of the United States government in ushering in refugees. It is because these primacies diverge from the view which says that few restrictive immigration rules and policies pose a security and economic risk to the United States citizens. Even though it would be difficult to justify that each person will eventually do something out of self-interest, perhaps it’s true that we can pretend acting to promote primarily our interests. The beginning of social contract and egoism theory suggests that people are rational and self-interested.
References
Rachels, J., & Rachels, S. (2019). The Elements of Moral Philosophy. New York, McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Topor,F. (2018).Ethical standards and practice in international relations. IGI Global.
Watts,J.R. (2018).Immigration policy and the challenge of globalization: Unions and employers in an unlikely alliance. Cornell University Press.
