Powerpoint presentation
Self-esteem in the work environment is crucial to the overall success of everyday business operations and functions for the employee and employer; therefore, it is important to identify healthy self-esteem development and how to overcome communication barriers.
Create a PowerPoint presentation (minimum of 10 slides) on how to overcome communication barriersverbal and nonverbal (identify and explain with supported data and illustrations). You must use at least two sources with one being the textbook. Be sure to cite any sources used in a reference slide with proper APA formatting. The cover and reference slides do not count toward the total slide requirement. Also, use the speaker notes function to explain the content in detail for each of the slides.
Note: Keep in mind the 6×6 PowerPoint rule: slides should only include six to seven lines of content with no more than six to seven words per line. Also, illustrations should relate to the content being discussedbe creative.
Refer to the following tutorial from the Success Center on developing good PowerPoint presentations:
https://columbiasouthern.adobeconnect.com/_a1174888831/powerpointbestpractices/
The textbook source is attached. Please add at least one to more one additional sources(s)
The Meaning ofSelf-Esteem, Its Development and Consequences
1. Learning Objective 1
Understanding theselffrom various perspectives is important because who you are and what you think of yourself influence many different facets of your life both on and off the job. A particularly important role is played by
self-esteem
, the overall evaluation people make about themselveswhether positive or negative.
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A useful distinction is that ourself-concept is what wethinkabout ourselves, whereasself-esteemis what wefeelabout ourselves.
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People with positiveself-esteemhave a deep-down, inside-the-selffeeling of their own worth. Consequently, they develop a positiveself-concept. Before reading further, you are invited to measure your current level ofself-esteemby doing the
Human RelationsSelf-Assessment Quiz3-1
. We look next at the development ofself-esteemand many of its consequences.
Human RelationsSelf-Assessment Quiz3-1
1.
TheSelf-EsteemChecklist
Indicate whether each of the following statements is mostly true or mostly false as it applies to you.
Mostly True
Mostly False
1. I am excited about starting each day.
2. Most of any progress I have made in myworkor school can be attributed to luck.
3. I often ask myself, Why cant I be more successful?
4. When my manager or team leader gives me a challenging assignment, I usually dive in with confidence.
5. I believe that I am working up to my potential.
6. I am able to set limits to what I will do for others without feeling anxious.
7. I regularly make excuses for my mistakes.
8. Negative feedback crushes me.
9. I care very much how much money other people make, especially when they are working in my field.
10. I feel like a failure when I do not achieve my goals.
11. Hardworkgives me an emotional lift.
12. When others compliment me, I doubt their sincerity.
13. Complimenting others makes me feel uncomfortable.
14. I find it comfortable to say, Im sorry.
15. It is difficult for me to face up to my mistakes.
16. My coworkers think I am not worthy of promotion.
17. People who want to become my friends usually do not have much to offer.
18. If my manager praised me, I would have a difficult time believing it was deserved.
19. Im just an ordinary person.
20. Having to face change really disturbs me.
21. When I make a mistake, I have no fear of owning up to it in public.
22. When I look in the mirror, I typically see someone who is attractive and confident.
23. When I think about the greater purpose in my life, I feel like I am drifting.
24. When I make a mistake, I tend to feel ashamed and embarrassed.
25. When I make a commitment to myself, I usually stick to it with conviction and await the rewards that I believe will come from it.
Scoring and Interpretation:
The answers in that indicate highself-esteemare as follows:
1. Mostly True
2. Mostly False
3. Mostly False
4. Mostly True
5. Mostly True
6. Mostly True
7. Mostly False
8. Mostly False
9. Mostly False
10. Mostly False
11. Mostly True
12. Mostly False
13. Mostly False
14. Mostly True
15. Mostly False
16. Mostly False
17. Mostly False
18. Mostly False
19. Mostly False
20. Mostly False
21. Mostly True
22. Mostly True
23. Mostly False
24. Mostly False
25. Mostly True
2025You have very highself-esteem. Yet if your score is 25, it could be that you are denying anyself-doubts.
1419Yourself-esteemis in the average range. It would probably be worthwhile for you to implement strategies to boost yourself-esteem(described in this chapter) so that you can develop a greater feeling of well-being.
013Yourself-esteemneeds bolstering. Talk over your feelings about yourself with a trusted friend or with a mental health professional. At the same time, attempt to implement several of the tactics for boostingself-esteemdescribed in this chapter.
Questions:
1. How does your score on this quiz match your evaluation of yourself-esteem?
2. What would it be like being married to somebody who scored 0 on this quiz?
Source:Statements 2125 are based on information in the National Association forSelf-Esteem, Self-EsteemSelf-Guided TourRate YourSelf-Esteem,http://www.self-esteem-nase.org, accessed May 6, 2005, pp. 14.
HowSelf-EsteemDevelops
Part of understanding the nature ofself-esteemis to know how it develops.Self-esteemdevelops and evolves throughout our lives based on interactions with people, events, and things.
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As an adolescent or adult, yourself-esteemmight be boosted by a key accomplishment. A 44-year-old woman who was studying to become licensed practical nurse (LPN) said that herself-esteemincreased when she received an A in a pharmacology course.Self-esteemcan also go down in adulthood because of a negative event such as being laid off and not being able to find new employment.
Early life experiences have a major impact onself-esteem. People who were encouraged to feel good about themselves and their accomplishments by family members, friends, and teachers are more likely to enjoy highself-esteem. Early life experiences play a key role in the development of both healthyself-esteemand lowself-esteem, according to research synthesized at the Counseling and Mental Health Center of the University of Texas.
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Childhood experiences that lead to healthyself-esteeminclude
being praised,
being listened to,
being spoken to respectfully,
getting attention and hugs, and
experiencing success in sports or school.
In contrast, childhood experiences that lead to lowself-esteeminclude
being harshly criticized,
being yelled at or beaten,
being ignored, ridiculed, or teased,
being expected to be perfect all the time,
experiencing failures in sports or school, and
often being given messages that failed experiences (losing a game, getting a poor grade, and so forth) were failures of their wholeself.
A widespread explanation ofself-esteemdevelopment is that compliments, praise, and hugs alone buildself-esteem. Yet many developmental psychologists seriously question this perspective. Instead, they believe thatself-esteemresults from accomplishing worthwhile activities and then feeling proud of these accomplishments. Receiving encouragement, however, can help the person accomplish activities that buildself-esteem.
Martin Seligman argues thatself-esteemis caused by a variety of successes and failures. To developself-esteem, people need to improve their skills for dealing with the world.
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Self-esteemtherefore comes about by genuine accomplishments, followed by praise and recognition. Heaping undeserved praise and recognition on people may lead to a temporary high, but it does not produce genuineself-esteem. The child developsself-esteemnot from being told he or she can score a goal in soccer, but from scoring that goal.
In attempting to build theself-esteemof children and students, many parents and teachers give children too many undeserved compliments. Researchers suggest that inappropriate compliments are turning too many adults into narcissistic praise junkies. As a result, many young adults feel insecure if they do not receive compliments regularly.
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As mentioned previously, experiences in adult life can influence the development ofself-esteem. David De Cremer of the Tilburg University (Netherlands) and his associates conducted two studies with Dutch college students about how the behavior of leaders and fair procedures influenceself-esteem. The focus of the leaders behavior was whether he or she motivated the workers/students to rewardthemselvesfor a job well done, such as aself-compliment. Procedural fairness was measured in terms of whether the study participants were given a voice in making decisions.Self-esteemwas measured by a questionnaire somewhat similar to
the Human RelationsSelf-Assessment Quiz3-1
in this chapter. The study questionnaire reflected theself-perceived value that individuals have of themselves as organizational members.
The study found thatself-esteemwas related to procedural fairness and leadership that encouragesself-rewards. When leadership that encouraged rewards was high, procedural fairness was more strongly related toself-esteem. The interpretation given of the findings is that a leader/supervisor can facilitateself-esteemwhen he or she encouragesself-rewards, and uses fair procedures. Furthermore, fair procedures have a stronger impact onself-esteemwhen the leader encouragesself-rewards.
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A takeaway from this study would be that rewarding yourself for a job well done, even in adult life, can boost yourself-esteema little.
The Consequences ofSelf-Esteem
Extremely high as well as extremely lowself-esteemhas many consequences for people, as outlined in
Table3-1
.
Career Success
A major consequence of having highself-esteemis that you have a better chance of attaining career success, as mentioned at the beginning of this section and supported by long-term research. The study in question was known as the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, involving over 12,000 young men and women. The group was studied over a 25-year period beginning in 1979.
The Human RelationsSelf-Assessment Quiz3-2
gives you the opportunity to take the same survey used in the study to measure coreself-evaluations.
The components of coreself-evaluations include highself-esteem,self-efficacy (an aspect ofself-confidence described later in this chapter), beliefs in personal control over events, and emotional stability. Individuals with high coreself-evaluations are better motivated, perform better on the job, tend to hold more challenging jobs, and have higher job satisfaction.
Table3-1Several Consequences of Extremes inSelf-Esteem
Positive Consequences
Negative Consequences
1. Career success including a high income
1. Narcissism
2. Organizational prosperity
2. Envying too many people
3. Good mental health
3. Romance problems
4. Profiting from feedback
5. Serves as a guide for regulating social relationships
Human RelationsSelf-Assessment Quiz3-2
1.
National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Measure of CoreSelf-Evaluations
No.
True
False
1. I have little control over the things that happen to me.
2. There is little I can do to change many of the important things in my life.
3. I feel that I am a person of worth, on an equal basis with others.
4. I feel that I have a number of good qualities.
5. All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure.
6. I feel I do not have much to be proud of.
7. I wish I could have more respect for myself.
8. Ive been depressed.
9. Ive felt hopeful about the future.
10. What happens to me in the future depends on me.
11. What happens to me is of my own doing.
12. When I make plans, I am almost certain to make themwork.
Scoring and Interpretation:
The answers that indicate high coreself-evaluation are as follows:
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. False
7. False
8. False
9. True
10. True
11. True
12. True
Although there are no specific categories for scores, the more statements you answered in the direction of high coreself-evaluations, the more likely it is that you have the type of coreself-evaluations that will facilitate career success.
Questions:
1. How does your score on this quiz match your evaluation of yourself-evaluation?
2. How does your score on this quiz compare to your score on
Self-Assessment Quiz3-1
?
3. How can you explain the fact that responses to the preceding statements were found to be related to long-term career success?
Sources:The statements are from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), a study commissioned and operated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor. The statements are also reported in Timothy A. Judge and Charlice Hurst, How the Rich (and Happy) Get Richer (and Happier): Relationship of CoreSelf-Evaluations to Trajectories in AttainingWorkSuccess,Journal of Applied Psychology, July 2008, p. 863.
Among the many results of the study were that people with higher core evaluations performed better in their first jobs. Furthermore, over time, those people with high core evaluations increase their career success at a faster pace than those with below-average core evaluations. Over a 25-year span, the career success they have over others doubles. Success was measured in terms of job satisfaction, pay, and holding a higher-status position.
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A practical conclusion to take away from this study is that if you have high coreself-evaluations, it will pay impressive career dividends.
Later research suggests that people with high coreself-evaluations are more likely to have high job performance when they combine positive attitudes toward theselfwith a concern for the welfare of others. (Consistently good job performance enhances career success.) For example, call-center employees with positive coreself-evaluations tended to perform better when they worried about letting other people down. The call-centerworkinvolved telemarketing to generate funds to support new jobs at a university.
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Organizational Prosperity
The combined effect of workers having highself-esteemhelps a company prosper.Self-esteemis a critical source of competitive advantage in an information society. Companies gain the edge when, in addition to having an educated workforce, employees have highself-esteem, as shown by such behaviors as the following:
Being creative and innovative
Taking personal responsibility for problems
Having a feeling of independence (yet still wanting toworkcooperatively with others)
Trusting ones own capabilities
Taking the initiative to solve problems
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Behaviors such as these help you cope with the challenge of a rapidly changing workplace in which products and ideas become obsolete quickly. Workers with highself-esteemare more likely to be able to cope with new challenges regularly because they are confident that they can master their environments.
Good Mental Health
One of the major consequences of highself-esteemis good mental health. People with highself-esteemfeel good about themselves and have a positive outlook on life. One of the links between good mental health andself-esteemis that highself-esteemhelps prevent many situations from being stressful. Few negative comments from others are likely to bother you when yourself-esteemis high. A person with lowself-esteemmight crumble if somebody insulted his or her appearance. A person with highself-esteemmight shrug off the insult as simply being the other persons point of view. If faced with an everyday setback, such as losing keys, the highself-esteemperson might think, I have so much going for me, why fall apart over this incident?
Positiveself-esteemalso conributes to good mental health because it helps us ward off being troubled by feelings of jealousy and acting aggressively toward others because of our jealousy. Particularly with adolescents, lowerself-worth leads to jealousy about friends liking other people better.
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Profiting from Negative Feedback
Although people with highself-esteemcan readily shrug off undeserved insults, they still profit well from negative feedback. Because they are secure, they can profit from the developmental opportunities suggested by negative feedback. Workers with highself-esteemdevelop and maintain favorableworkattitudes and perform at high levels. These positive consequences take place because such attitudes and behaviors are consistent with the personal belief that they are competent individuals. Mary Kay Ash, the legendary founder of beauty products company Mary Kay, put it this way: It never occurred to me I couldnt do it. I always knew that if I worked hard enough, I could. Furthermore, research has shown that high-self-esteemindividuals value reachingworkgoals more than do low-self-esteemindividuals.
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Serves as a Guide for Regulating Social Relationships
Another positive consequence ofself-esteemis that you can use it as a guide in regulating social relationships. According to Mark Leary, director of social psychology at Duke University,self-esteemprovides a gauge of performance during social interactions: Self-esteemrises and falls, acting as an internal barometer of how well youre faring, telling you to fix this problem here, and helping you understand that you dont have to worry about it there.
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Following this reasoning, fluctuations inself-esteemprovide information that is useful in working your way through social relationships. For example, if you are talking and the person you are talking to yawns, yourself-esteemdrops, signaling you to change the topic. When you tell a joke, and people laugh, yourself-esteemclimbs rapidly. If we did not feel bad when we bored or offended others, or satisfied when we delighted them, we would not be inclined to change course.
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Shutterstock
Potential Negative Consequences
Both high and lowself-esteemcan sometimes have negative consequences. Three reasons for this problem are described next.
1. Exaggerated levels ofself-esteemcan lead to narcissism.Self-esteemcan elevate to a level whereby the individual becomesself-absorbed to the point of having little concern for others, leading to narcissistic attitudes and behaviors.Narcissismis an extremely positive view of theself, combined with limited empathy for others. Quite often extreme narcissism can hamper success because the narcissist irritatesand alienates others in the workplace. A frequent human relations problem with office narcissists is that they are poor listeners because they attempt to dominate conversations by talking about themselves. Yet the right amount and type of narcissism can at times facilitate success because the narcissist appears to beself-confident and charismatic.
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2. Envying too many people.A potential negative consequence of lowself-esteemis envying too many people. If you perceive that many individuals have much more of what you want and are more worthwhile than you, you will suffer from enormous envy. To decrease pangs of envy, it is best to develop realistic standards of comparison between you and other people in the world.
If high school basketball player Joshua measures hisself-esteemin terms of how well he stacks up with basketball superstar and super-millionaire LeBron James, young Joshua will take a lot of blows to hisself-esteem. However, if Joshua compares himself to other players on his team and in his league, hisself-esteemwill be higher because he has chosen a more realistic reference group. For example, Joshua might think that Kent, the starting point guard on his team, has a good chance of winning a basketball scholarship to college, speaks intelligently, and is well groomed. Joshua works hard to develop the same potential and behaviors. When he believes he has succeeded, Joshua will experience a boost inself-esteem.
Kristin Neff, a professor of educational psychology at the University of Texas at Austin, supports the idea that making social comparisons can lead to problems withself-esteem. She explains that in American culture, people tend to acquire a sense ofself-worth from feeling special. A musician who compares herself to a musician of less talent will feel superior, and even have a boost inself-esteem. But if she compares herself to a more talented musician, she will feel a decrease inself-esteemeven if her talent and skills have not diminished.
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3. Poor romantic relationships whenself-esteemis low.Lowself-esteemcan have negative consequences for romantic relationships because people withself-doubts consistently underestimate their partners feelings for them. People with lowself-respect distance themselves from the relationshipoften devaluing their partnerto prepare themselves for what they think will be an inevitable breakup. (Self-respectrefers to how you think and feel about yourself.) John G. Holmes, a psychologist at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada, says, If people think negatively about themselves, they think their partner must think negatively about themand theyre wrong.
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