3 discussions on Information Systems Discussion -1 -Data Visualization and Geographic Information Systems As an IT manager, discuss how you would -

3 discussions on Information Systems

Discussion -1 -Data Visualization and Geographic Information Systems

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3 discussions on Information Systems Discussion -1 -Data Visualization and Geographic Information Systems As an IT manager, discuss how you would

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As an IT manager, discuss how you would use the materials in Chapter 11(PPT attached for your reference) of your textbook communicating IT information to other departments, highlighting how tools like SAP Analytics Cloud and Tableau would benefit you. Specifically, explain how executive dashboards can lead to better business insights. What are the limitations of dashboards?

Discussion-2 Balanced Scorecard

Review at least 4 articles on Balanced Scorecard and complete the following activities:
1. Write annotated summary of each article. Use APA throughout.
2. As an IT professional, discuss how you will use Balanced Scorecard to manage IT resources efficiently.

Discussion-3 -Ethics and Information Management

read at least four (4) academically reviewed articles on the ethical issues that may arise in information management.
1. Write a comparative analysis of the articles noting the similarities and differences.
2. Compare the information in those articles to the materials in Chapter 14 (PPT attached for your reference) of your textbook. Does the premise of those articles support the overall theme of the materials in Chapter 14 of your textbook? Why or why not?
3. Discuss what you learned from those articles. In your discussion, give example(s) of your organization handles ethic concerns as they relate to information management. Chapter 14
Ethical Risks and Responsibilities of IT Innovations

Prepared by Dr. Derek Sedlack, South University

Learning Objectives

Responsible Conduct

Technology Addictions and the Emerging Trend of Focus Management

Six Technology Trends Transforming Business

Privacy Paradox, Privacy, and Civil Rights

Privacy Paradox, Privacy, and Civil Rights
Privacy
Right, or freedom of choice and control to self-determine what information about you is made accessible, to whom, when, and for what use or purpose.
Breach of Privacy
Unauthorized disclosure of personal information.
Privacy Paradox
Phenomenon where social users are concerned about privacy but their behaviors contradict these concerns to an extreme degree.
Chapter 14

Privacy Paradox, Privacy, and Civil Rights
Social Recruitment
Use of social media to engage, share knowledge among, and recruit and hire employees.
Often involving information the candidate did not want considered (or is illegal) to use in the hiring process.
Best practice provisions are:
Have either a third party or a designated person within the company who does not make hiring decisions do the background check.
Use only publicly available information. Do not friend someone to get access to private information.
Do not request username or passwords for social media accounts.
Chapter 14

Privacy Paradox, Privacy, and Civil Rights
EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)
Enforces federal laws prohibiting discrimination in employment.
Protected classes
Characteristics identified by law that cannot be used in the hiring process.
Discrimination
Biased or prejudicial treatment in recruitment, hiring, or employment based on certain characteristics, such as age, gender, and genetic information, and is illegal in the United States.
Chapter 14

Privacy Paradox, Privacy, and Civil Rights
Corporate Social Media Discrimination
The use of protected class information to weed out candidates.
Civil Rights
Rights protected by federal
law, such as freedom of speech,
press, and assembly; the right
to vote, etc.
Chapter 14

Privacy Paradox, Privacy, and Civil Rights
Completing Legal Concerns
Two competing legal concerns are discrimination & negligent hiring.
Social Media Discrimination
Visiting a persons social media sites, however, clearly creates the opportunity to view large amounts of information going against these nondiscriminatory practices.
Negligent Hiring
If a workplace violence incident occurred and the attackers public social networking profile contained information that could have predicted that behavior, the employer may be held liable for negligence in not using readily available information during the hiring decision.
Chapter 14

Privacy Paradox, Privacy, and Civil Rights
Balancing the Competing Risks of Negligent Hiring and Social Discrimination
Ask candidates to sign a disclosure statement
Allow self-disclosure
Create a standard process and document it
Consistent well-documented processes
Avoid coercive practices
Eliminate recruiter pressure for applicant disclosure
Training
Emphasize related compliance
Chapter 14

Privacy Paradox, Privacy, and Civil Rights
Describe privacy.
What is the phenomenon where social users are concerned about privacy but their behaviors contradict these concerns?
What is the use of social media to find, screen, and select job candidates?
Rejecting a job candidate because of concerns about the persons health from information on his or her Facebook page is an example of what?
Age, disability, gender, religion, and race are examples of what?
Why are the legal concepts of discrimination and negligent hiring competing demands on a business?
Chapter 14

Suggested Answers:

1. Privacy is the right to self-determine what information about you is made accessible, to whom, when, and for what use or purpose. Privacy means we have freedom of choice and control over our personal information, including what we do not want shared with or used by others.

2. The privacy paradox refers to this phenomenon where social users are concerned about privacy but their behaviors contradict these concerns to an extreme degree. Users of social sites often claim that they are concerned about their privacy. At the same time, they disclose their highly personal lives, even content that is incriminating or illegal, in their profiles or posts.

3. Social recruitment refers to use of social media to find, screen, and select job candidates. Often it involves searching information the job candidate did not want considered or that is illegal to use in the hiring process.

4. This is an example of corporate social media discrimination.

5. Protected classes.

6. Two competing legal concerns are discrimination and negligent hiring. These put pressure on prospective employers to find out what they can about a potential employee, to avoid negligence in hiring, yet not cross the line into discrimination.
Discrimination. Most employers have stringent employment policies that prevent their recruiters and hiring managers from learning potentially discriminatory information about candidates. Visiting a persons social media sites, however, clearly creates the opportunity to view large amounts of information going against these nondiscriminatory practices.
Negligent hiring. Employers must consider the potential risk of a negligent hiring or negligent retention lawsuit related to social networking profile information. It is possible that if a workplace violence incident occurred and the attackers public social networking profile contained information that could have predicted that behavior, the employer may be held liable for negligence in not using readily available information during the hiring decision.

Learning Objectives

Responsible Conduct

Technology Addictions and the Emerging Trend of Focus Management

Six Technology Trends Transforming Business

Privacy Paradox, Privacy, and Civil Rights

Responsible Conduct
Too Much Data?
Big Data Analytics
It is possible to identify personal habits and identify patterns before self-disclosure, such as pregnancy.
Targeting shoppers early in a cycle may improve sales opportunities.
Legal and social acceptability may be similar, but they may be different. Legal compliance may not translate to acceptable behavior.

Chapter 14

Responsible Conduct
Irresponsible Conduct
Predicting Peoples Behavior
Predicting peoples behavior is big business, but companies may face backlash from customers or be subject to investigations or fines (Wi-Spy).
Mobile Apps and Risky Behaviors
93% top 200 free iOS & Andriod apps exhibited at least one risky behavior.
Apple policy prohibits user information gathering without permission, but countless 3rd party apps are unregulated.
Chapter 14

Responsible Conduct
Irresponsible Conduct
Risky Behaviors
Location tracking
Accessing the devices address book or contact list
Identifying user or phone unique identifier (UDID)
Recording in-app purchases
Sharing data with ad networks and analytics companies

Twitter, Foursquare, and Instagram routinely gather information from personal address books and other places on your phone.
Chapter 14

Responsible Conduct
Irresponsible Conduct
Wardriving
Driving around sniffing out and mapping the physical location of the worlds Wi-Fi routers (see Wi-Spy).
Open Wi-Fi Networks
Non-password protected routers that provide access over wireless networks.
The FCC posted, collecting information sent over Wi-Fi networks clearly infringes on consumer privacy.

Chapter 14

Responsible Conduct
Irresponsible Conduct
FTC vs. Facebook
The only way Facebooks business works is if they can track what you do and sell that information to advertisers.
Is privacy expected?
Should it be protected?
Chapter 14

Responsible Conduct
Competing Responsibilities
Intense competition demands using every tool or technique to gain an edge or nullify a risk.
Personal data collection while in most public spaces allows retailers, through predictive analytics, to better understand customers.
Data collection and monitoring mean better business, but also less privacy, and slow-changing laws means legal limitations.
Chapter 14

Responsible Conduct
3D Printing
Depositing tiny layers of material to create computer-assisted design and/or computer-assisted manufacturing blueprints.
Bioprinting
Using DNA to 3D print human
body parts using bioprinting
technology.
Chapter 14

Responsible Conduct
3D Printing Dilemmas and Debated Issues
3D-bioprinted human organs may be subject to conflicting religious, political, moral, and financial interests.
3D printers can exert impacts on the environment worse than those of standard manufacturing.
The technology will create new business models and major challenges to intellectual property.
The risks resulting from the ability to 3D print weapons are obvious.
Chapter 14

Responsible Conduct
By avoiding illegal conduct, do companies also act responsibly? Explain your answer.
What types of companies can benefit from predicting peoples behavior?
When is predicting peoples behavior a violation of privacy? Give an example.
When is predicting peoples behavior not a violation of privacy? Give an example.
What are the ethical challenges attached to 3D printing and 3D bioprinting?
Research the current debate about 3D printing and bioprinting.
Chapter 14

Suggested Answers:

1. No. What is legal is not necessarily ethical or responsible. Laws lag behind what is possible to do because laws change slowly whereas technology changes rapidly.

2. Virtually any type. The most benefit is for those at the end of the supply chain (retailers, etc.)

3. Answers may vary. Certainly when personal data upon which the prediction relies are collected without consent, as appears with Target, especially for those underage.

4. Answers may vary. It depends on the level of intrusiveness, and that can be very subjective. One might argue that Canadian Tires credit card business inherently has purchase information and can analyze to determine risk of missed payments.

5. Answers may vary. There are many. They range from legal to illegal activities (e.g., theft of intellectual property.) When demand is high, will living and/or nonliving medical organs/devices go to the highest bidder? Who is legally responsible for ensuring the quality of the resulting organs and devices? In some cases, 3D printing may be the only mechanism to produce an item. 3D printing is costly. In cases where non-additive manufacturing can do the same at less cost, which will be used?

6. Answers will vary.

Learning Objectives

Responsible Conduct

Technology Addictions and the Emerging Trend of Focus Management

Six Technology Trends Transforming Business

Privacy Paradox, Privacy, and Civil Rights

Technology Addictions and the Emerging Trend of Focus Management
Cognitive Overload
Interferes with our ability to focus and be productive.
Potential modern causes:
Mobile apps
Wearable technology
Constant updates
Desire to stay connected
Chapter 14

Technology Addictions and the Emerging Trend of Focus Management
Focus Counts
An inability to concentrate for longer periods reduces an ability to distinguish important information from trivia.
Some researchers estimate that distraction costs hundreds of billions of dollars a year in lost productivity.
Heavy online users (media high multitaskers) scored poorly on the cognitive test.
Chapter 14

Technology Addictions and the Emerging Trend of Focus Management
Focus Recovery
Lost focus can take about 25 minutes recovery time.
Noradrenaline, a chemical that helps us concentrate, is released by focusing.
The best strategy to improve focus: practice doing it.
There is disagreement if multitaskers are working as well as they could, or they could improve their focus.
Chapter 14

What are several potential causes of cognitive overload?
What are the consequences of constant distractions?
When a person is distracted, how long does it take to return to the task at hand and get focused again?
Why are senior managers interested in focus management?
What is the difference between the performance of high and low multitaskers on cognitive tests?
How can multitaskers improve their ability to focus?
Chapter 14
Technology Addictions and the Emerging Trend of Focus Management

Suggested Answers:

1. Tweets, texts, e-mail, social media, and annoying electronic static are potential causes.

2. Distractions cause a loss of focus and a loss of productivity.

3. Gloria Mark, a professor of informatics at the University of California, Irvine, says a worker distracted by a Web search that goes rogue or a new text or tweet can take about 25 minutes to return to the task at hand and get focused again (Dumaine, 2014).

4. To improve creativity and productivity. If your mind is free of distraction, your mind is better able to absorb data, interactions, and trends and synthesize the new information with what you already know. As a result, you are more likely to come up with innovative ideas.

5. In contrast to widely held assumptions, subjects who were Media (high) multitaskers scored poorly on cognitive tests.

6. The best strategy to improve focus is to practice doing it.

Learning Objectives

Responsible Conduct

Technology Addictions and the Emerging Trend of Focus Management

Six Technology Trends Transforming Business

Privacy Paradox, Privacy, and Civil Rights

Six Technology Trends Transforming Business
The physicaldigital blur signifies a new layer of connected intelligence that augments employees, automates processes, and integrates machines into our lives.
Converging Technologies
The explosion of connected M2M (machine-to-machine) devices and IoT (Internet of Things)
Greater bandwidth
Advanced robotics, including expanding humanrobot collaboration in industries beyond manufacturing
Increased use of real time analytics
Chapter 14

Six Technology Trends Transforming Business
Chapter 14

Six Technology Trends Transforming Business
Crowdsourcing
Access or leverage of talent and/or resource pools located anywhere and everywhere through cloud, social, and collaboration technologies (Wikipedia).
Crowdfunding
Using crowdsourcing to monetize a project or idea (Kickstarter).
Accenture developed initial models that show that crowdsourcing can lead to higher profits for producers.
Chapter 14

Six Technology Trends Transforming Business
Data Supply Chain
Treating data like a supply chain, flowing easily through the entire organization.
Requires data storage, IT infrastructure, big data platforms, and APIs.
Hyperscale
The supersized, scalable, and resilient data centers pioneered by data-dependent and social media companies.
Chapter 14

Six Technology Trends Transforming Business
Apps Drive Business?
54% of the highest performing IT teams deployed enterprise app stores.
Adopting apps create better operational agility.
Apps make life simpler for employees and accelerate business growth.
Isolation
Failure in one component cannot bring down the entire edifice.
Redundancy
every component is backed up by an alternative in case it fails.
Chapter 14

Six Technology Trends Transforming Business
NextMore Disruptive Disruption
High-performing business leaders now accept that their organizations future success is tied to their ability to keep pace with technology.
Technology is more important than ever to their business success.
The flexibility of new technologies and architectures will naturally change how IT makes it easier for organizations to innovate.
Chapter 14

Six Technology Trends Transforming Business
What technologies are blurring the boundary between the physical and digital worlds?
What are the benefits of crowdsourcing?
Referring to trend 3, how should companies treat their data?
What is hyperscale?
What do business apps improve?
Why is resilience necessary?
Chapter 14

Suggested Answers:

1. The convergence of several technologies is blurring the digital and physical worlds.
These converging technologies are:
The explosion of connected M2M (machine-to-machine) devices and IoT (Internet of Things)
Greater bandwidth
Advanced robotics, including expanding humanrobot collaboration in industries beyond manufacturing
Increased use of real time analytics

2. Crowdsourcing can give every business access to an agile workforce that is not only better suited to solving some of the problems that organizations struggle with today but in many cases will do it for free.

3. Accenture recommends that companies start treating data like a supply chain. Data need to flow easily through the entire organizationand eventually throughout the data systems of their business partners.

4. Hyperscale computing systems are the supersized, scalable, and resilient data centers pioneered by data-dependent and social media companies.

5. Enterprises are adopting apps to create better operational agility. They makes life simpler for employees and accelerates business growth.

6. Business runs on networks and digital technology. Technology failures are business failures.

32 Chapter 11
Data Visualization and Geographic Information Systems

Prepared by Dr. Derek Sedlack, South University

Learning Objectives

Enterprise Data Mashups

Digital Dashboards

Geospatial Data and Geographic Information Systems

Data Visualization and Learning

Data Visualization and Learning
Chapter 11

Figure 11.3 Tools and technologies in this chapter fall into three related categories.

Data Visualization and Learning
Heat Maps
Use colors to represent data categories that are more quickly identified at a glance in high pace environments.
Visuals are used to accent what you want to learn or convey.

Tag Clouds
Represent the relative frequency of words and terms by their sizes.
Help to better understand word patterns and use.

Chapter 11

Data Visualization and Learning
Learning, Exploring, and Discovery
Data discovery: discovering hidden relationships through visualization.
Used with predictive analytics to improve departmental decisions.
Summary data rather than statistical data for higher level absorption.
Chapter 11

Data Visualization and Learning
Visualizations
Dials, charts, graphs, timelines, geospatial maps, and heat maps with interactivity and drill-downs making it easier to understand data and identify patterns.
Returned more quickly than completed reports.
A common mistake is to invest in the analytics foundationtools, quality data, data integration, touch screensbut overlook the most crucial componentnamely, users ability to interpret the visual reports and analyses correctly.
Chapter 11

Data Visualization and Learning
Performance Management Visualizations
IBM SPSS Analytic Catalyst
Advanced analysis designed for experts in statistical software.
Tableau
Easier to implement, requiring just basic database information.
Roambi Analytics
Leading mobile reporting and data visualization app designed for iPads and iPhones.
Chapter 11

Data Visualization and Learning
How does data visualization contribute to learning?
How do heat maps and tag clouds convey information?
Why are data visualization and discovery usage increasing?
Give two examples of data visualization for performance management.
Chapter 11

Suggested Answers:

1. Visuals are the single best way our brain processes information. Data visualization harnesses the power of analytics and adds a visual display to capitalize on how our brains work. Visual displays make it easier for individuals to understand data and identify patterns that offer answers to business questions. By using data visualization, companies are able to discover hidden data relationships and learn how to improve performance.

2. Heat maps use colors to convey information at a glance. A heat map is like a spreadsheet whose cells are formatted with colors instead of numbers.

Tag clouds use data, typically from unstructured content, and represent the relative frequency of words and terms by their sizes.

3. Answers may vary. Data discovery is expected to take on a greater role in corporate decision making. Companies are investing in the latest data discovery solutions largely because of their speed and flexibility. Data visualization software vendors continue to focus on business users of all levels and backgrounds. Experts and non-experts can collect data quickly from disparate sources and then explore the dataset with easy-to-use interactive visualizations and search interfaces. Drill-down paths are not predefined, which gives users more flexibility in how they view detailed data. Todays data discovery technologies provide greater data exploration and ease of use to help users find answers to why and what if questions through self-service analytic apps. Enterprise apps for Androids, Apple iPads, and BlackBerry Playbooks are replacing static business reports with real-time data, analytics, and interactive reporting tools.

4. Answers may vary.

Vendor Aqumin provides real time visual interpretation solutions for the financial services industry. Aqumins OptionVision enables traders, risk managers, and market participants to spot opportunities, risk, and market changes. AlphaVision for Excel enables visual interpretation capabilities directly within the Microsoft Excel platform, and AlphaVision for Bloomberg is developed for professional portfolio managers, traders, and risk analysts and is connected directly to the Bloomberg Terminal to leverage data provided by Bloomberg.

IBM SPSS Analytic Catalyst has made sophisticated analytics accessible. Analytic Catalyst enables business users to conduct the kind of advanced analysis that had been designed for experts in statistical software. The software fast tracks analytics by identifying key drivers, selecting an appropriate model, testing it, and then explaining the results in plain English.

Roambi Analytics is a leading mobile reporting and data visualization app designed for iPads and iPhones. The app can take data from most sources, including Box, Google Docs, spreadsheets, BI systems, databases, and Salesforce.com, and transform them into interactive data visualizations.

Learning Objectives

Enterprise Data Mashups

Digital Dashboards

Geospatial Data and Geographic Information Systems

Data Visualization and Learning

Enterprise Mashups
Combine business data and applications from multiple sourcestypically a mix of internal data and applications with externally sourced data to create an integrated experience.
Does not require a huge investment and can be developed in hours rather than days or weeks.
Chapter 11
Enterprise Data Mashups

Chapter 11
Enterprise Data Mashups

Figure 11.7 Architecture of enterprise mashup application.

Enterprise Data Mashups
Combinations of data from various business systems and external sources, often in real time, without necessarily relying on a middle step of ETL (extract, transform, and load) from a data warehouse.
Chapter 11
Enterprise Data Mashups

Enterprise Mashup Types
Customer: provides a quick view of customer data for a sales person in preparation for a customer site visit.
Logistics: displays inventory for a group of department stores based on specific criteria.
Human resource: provides a quick glance at employee data such as profiles, salary, ratings, benefits status, and activities.
Chapter 11
Enterprise Data Mashups

Chapter 11
Enterprise Data Mashups

Sketch or describe the architecture of an enterprise mashup application.
What is an enterprise data mashup?
What are the functions and uses of enterprise mashups?
Explain why business workers may need data mashup technology.
What are three benefits of mashup technology to the organization?
Chapter 11
Enterprise Data Mashups

Suggested Answers:

1. Figure 11.7 illustrates the architecture of an enterprise mashup application.

The general architecture of an enterprise mashup application integrates data from operational data stores, business systems, external data (economic data, suppliers, information, competitors activities), and real-time news feeds to generate an enterprise mashup.

2. Enterprise mashups are combinations of data from various business systems and external sources, often in real time, and without necessarily relying on a middle step of ETL (extract, transform, and load) from a data warehouse.

3. Enterprise mashups improve operational efficiency, optimize the sales pipeline, enhance customer satisfaction, and drive profitability. In an enterprise environment, mashups can be used to solve a wide variety of business problems and day-to-day situations. Examples of these types of mashups are:
Customer. A customer data mashup that provides a quick view of customer data for a sales person in preparation for a customer site visit. Data can be pulled from internal data stores and Web sources, such as contact information, links to related websites, recent customer orders, lists of critical situations, and more.
Logistics. A logistics mashup that displays inventory for a group of department stores based on specific criteria. For example, you can mash current storm information onto a map of store locations and then wire the map to inventory data to show which stores located in the path of storms are low on generators.
Human resource. An HR mashup that provides a quick glance at employee data such as profiles, salary, ratings, benefits status, and activities. Data can be filtered to show custom views, for example, products whose average quarterly sales are lower than last quarter.

Data mashup apps are used in organizations:
For real-time awareness and data freshness
To feed data to cross-functional dashboards
For competitive analysis
To monitor compliance and manage risk
For disaster monitoring and disaster response
To generate external vendor reports

4. Using data mashup apps, nontechnical users can easily and quickly access, integrate, and display BI data from a variety of operational data sources, including those that are not integrated into the existing data warehouse, without having to understand the intricacies of the underlying data infrastructures or schemas.

5. Below is a summary of benefits of mashup technology to an enterprise:
Dramatically reduces time and effort needed to combine disparate data sources.
Users can define their own data mashups by combining fields from different data sources that were not previously modeled.
Users can import external data sources, e.g., spreadsheets and competitor data, to create new dashboards.
Enables the building of complex queries by non-experts with a drag-and-drop query-building tool.
Enables agile BI because new data sources can be added to a BI system quickly via direct links to operational data sources, bypassing the need to load them to a data warehouse.
Provides a mechanism to easily customize and share knowledge throughout the company.

Learning Objectives

Enterprise Data Mashups

Digital Dashboards

Geospatial Data and Geographic Information Systems

Data Visualization and Learning

Digital Dashboards
Dashboards
A style of reporting that depicts KPIs, operational or strategic information with intuitive and interactive displays.
Custom programmed to automatically and securely pull, analyze, and display data from enterprise systems, cloud apps, data feeds, and external sources and then display the metrics.
Components of dashboards are:
Design
Performance metrics
API
Access
Chapter 11

Digital Dashboards
Dashboard Real Time Data
Having real-time, or near-real-time, data is essential to keep users aware of any meaningful changes in the metrics as they occur and to provide information for making decisions in real time.
Chapter 11

Digital Dashboards
Dashboard Functions
Displays company performance metrics, automatically updated in real time.
Improve the information synthesis process bringing in multiple, disparate data feeds and sources, extracting features of interest, and manipulating the data so the information is in a more accessible format.
Eliminates need to log into multiple applications to view business performance.
Chapter 11

Digital Dashboards
Dash

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